Bird List
instagram
all yr: 2012-now
FOS in NY
2016 celebrate birding 10 year anniversary - 決志: 矢志不渝 、堅定不移地 進行觀鳥,
成為一生一世的嗜好, 天長地久的興趣.
2016 (Jan-Jul): Mexico (4/7)
2015 (8/14-): Curacao / HK
2015 (Jan-8/8) log: South
Carolina / Seattle
2014 log: Jamaica
/ Canadian Rockies / Curacao
2013 log (New
Orleans, Costa Maya, Belize City, Roatan, & Cozumel, HK)
2012 (after Hurricane Sandy) log
2012
(Jul-before Hurricane Sandy) log (Netherlands, UK, Scotland, Norway, Denmark) (birdList.b4_split2_b_and_c.htm)
2012 (Jan-Jun)
log (Costa
Rica)
2011 log (HK,
Punta Cana)
2010 log ( 1. Mar. Caribbean Cruise : Fort Lauderdale / Cozumel, Mexico
; 2. Nov. Caribbean Cruise : Puerto Rico / Half Moon Cay )
2009 log (Las Vegas; HK, Mainland China and Taiwan)
2008 log (South Caribbean Cruise - Puerto Rico,
St. Thomas, St. Kitts, Grenada, Bonaire & Aruba; Toronto;
Palm Beach, Florida)
Photo
and Video @ Punta Cana
pic01.htm
others HK trips
Note
on Dragonfly and Damselfly
my insect
spider list
Macro
butterflyMoth.htm
frog
kissena_rare_encounter.htm
Postings of NY Birding List
Favorites
in 2013
Favorites
in 2012
Favorites
in 2011
Bees
Wasps Cricket
myInventory
myNationalPark.htm
Costa Rica
info
Costa Rica, 2012 - Photo
costa_rica_mybirdlist.htm
Birding in Shetland Islands
Norway
cruise
pc_stuff.htm
Google Voice t-mobile (6/2014)
多部未华子 Don't vote Senator Gillibrand in 11/2018!
cull_CanadaGeese_at_JBWR.htm
samsung_s3600.note01.htm
smart_phone.htm
http://www.nycgovparks.org/news/notices
Biblical_problems_caused_by_translation.htm
translation resource
how_can_i_make_a_very_sharp_phot.htm
flash_wont_sync_in_slave_mode.htm
Camera/Camcorder for birding
cam4underwater
infrared_photography.htm
snorkeling
comet_PANSTARRS.htm
Jamaica_bird.htm
2015plus_jamaica_trips.htm
Glacier
Hay fever
Glacier & Canadian Rockies
Curacao-1
Curacao-2
Bermuda
Cancun
Cuba
[mirror]
Ethiopia
[Rockjumper's standard tours (as we classify this PNG tour) are aimed at the
keen birder who wants to see as many birds and as much wildlife as possible
without extreme effort or arduous hours in the field i.e. the average birder.
src]
South Carolina
Seattle
Lead Adventures 3-Week Galapagos program -
doc
Quito - Monastery of San Francisco -
pic1 quito.htm
List of whale and dolphin species
List of birds of HK
全膝關節置換術 (TKA)
飛蚊症
Vanessa's Delights Omega-3 Mix contains
Omega-3 Fortified Cranberries, Roasted Almonds, Walnuts, Pecans, Raw Pistachios,
and Pepitas (Pumpkin Seeds). Other brands:
thenutbox.com
(has retail stores in NYC)
Labor Day weekend -
Rockaway Beach (1Beach
59th St.) ; Sep. - Gulls feeding on ant swarms
Summer (August) is a good time to visit Rockefeller State Park, Valhalla, NY -
at the lake/pond, many dragonflies & damselflies.
Winter
birding in NYC
late Feb / early March: Ring-billed Gulls,
when they have shed their streaky winter plumage and have gleaming white
feathers, a bright orange orbital ring and a bright orange gape, are pretty
dang-dooddilly-delightful.
src
may be also for other gulls (e.g., Great Black-backed Gull - <1>
on 2/18/2012)
Early Spring, May: look for
Fragile Forktail (Ischnura posita),
Eastern Forktail & other
dragonflies/damselflies emerges from its nympahal skin (exuvia)
to commence the aerial portion of its life.
src
ebird bird account 2012 up to 5/8
detailed map of East
Pond Mirror
excellent information on Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge -
http://www.nycaudubon.org/queens-birding/jamaica-bay-wildlife-refuge
Oceanside: Peregrine Falcon & Swallows fledging (late May /early June), Osprey
fledging (June), dragonflies (July), Clapper Rail babies (July?)
http://mnsa.info/cam/Cam.htm
"3/31/2013 - Queens, New York City: I visited Breezy Point today to do some
spring shorebird reconnaissance and had the following notables: Piping plover
(3), eastern phoebes (2), my first-of-the-season American oystercatchers (17),
sanderling (240), and dunlins (3). In a first for me at Breezy Tip, I had
killdeer
(5) roaming around where there used to be dunes. Out on the ocean, a handful of
northern gannets were seen, all adults. No massive staging of waterfowl, with
only a smattering of long-tailed ducks." - Andrew Baksh src
QCC Nature-on-Campus BLOG : 2015 February 16
... Pelham Bay Park (Bronx, NY) "Superb Owl" walk led by David Burg. The walk was on, you guessed it, Super Bowl Sunday.
....; 2. Great Horned Owl in tree cavity; 3. a second Great Horned Owl in the distance; 4. a Killdeer on the beach
...
Golden Pond at Crocheron Park, Bayside, NY 11361 -
QCC Blog
map direction: Take I-295 N/Clearview Expy to 35th Ave. Turn right onto 35th Ave.
2016 May 9 -
A transit
of Mercury will
occur. Full transit will be visible in South America, Eastern North America, ...
September 1, 2016 -
Annular
Solar Eclipse will be visible from central Africa, Madagascar and locations
from the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. The eclipse will be partial for people in
most of Africa.
info-1
香港
如來神掌 (5+2) | 投奔怒海 (1982年) | 少女日記 (1984)
- 吳美枝
鄧浩光 | 倚天屠龍記之魔教教主
(1993)
日本
哥斯拉 (1954) |
摩斯拉 (1961) |
USA
Species (1995) | Godzilla (1998) |
玲瓏公主 |
璇璣公主 |
秦般弱 |
雋娘 |
宮羽 |
小新 |
琴兒?
1 time birding permits for Ft. Tilden/Breezy Point:
I asked Rita Mullally, the person in charge here at Floyd Bennett Field, and she
said to contact Jennifer Bethea. Jennifer has been out for a week or so. Feel
free to email
rita_mullally AT nps.gov
and/or
jennifer_bethea AT nps.gov
Ranger John Tebbetts (
john_tebbetts AT nps.gov )
絕滅物種
《海街女孩日記》
公民投票
(Referendum -
(in some countries synonymous with a plebiscite —
or a vote on a ballot
question))
黃洋達細說公投制憲的源起
我们习惯通过婚姻的稳定性和持久性,来评估婚姻的质量,而让婚姻保持稳定、持久的往往不是爱情,而恰恰是经济、文化、宗教等等非常现实的因素,现实是不浪漫的,世人总是歌颂浪漫的爱情,而不会赞扬现实的婚姻,事实上,很多时候,现实的婚姻是被批判的。
人类的矛盾在于总想将现实的婚姻和浪漫的爱情统一在一起,但理智告诉我们,这种可能真的非常渺小,因为即便以爱的名义走进婚姻的恋人,最终要面对和处理的是生活,不是爱情,而生活本来就是现实的,婚姻和爱情本来就是两码事,它们之间可以转换、可以过渡,唯独不能统一。于是,我们发现在那些保守的国度中,婚姻非常牢靠,但爱情却很稀有,因为在那里,两个人的结合本来就是冲着稳固婚姻去的,而在开放的国度中,爱情遍地开花,离婚率却高的离谱,因为以爱结合的恋人一旦无法适应婚后的现实,婚姻就将会破碎。
https://movie.douban.com/review/7823242/
Honey-bee colony
collapse disorder (CCD)
Seed coating with a neonicotinoid insecticide negatively affects wild bees
... the key question is how neonicotinoids influence bees, and wild bees in
particular, in real-world agricultural landscapes11, 12, 13.
Here we show that a commonly used insecticide seed coating in a flowering crop
can have serious consequences for wild bees. In a study with replicated and
matched landscapes, we found that seed coating with Elado, an insecticide
containing a combination of the neonicotinoid clothianidin and the non-systemic
pyrethroid β-cyfluthrin, applied to oilseed rape seeds, reduced wild bee
density, solitary bee nesting, and bumblebee colony growth and reproduction
under field conditions. Hence, such insecticidal use can pose a substantial risk
to wild bees in agricultural landscapes, and the contribution of pesticides to
the global decline of wild bees1, 2, 3 may
have been underestimated.
High Dynamic Range
Post-processed by HDRsoft Photomatix Pro 5.0.4:
(1) Yellow-crowned Night Heron
(6/29/2013) - <1> (cf.
OOC jpeg)
(2) Seaside Dragonlet (6/29/2013) -
<1>
(3) Grasshopper (9/28/2013) -
<1>
(4) Periodical Cicada (6/8/2013) -
<1>
(5) Double-crested Cormorant (1/17/2015) - <1>
(no HDR:
<1> <2>)
(6)
灰喜鵲 (Azure-winged Magpie, Cyanopica
cyanus = Cyanopica cyana)
- <1>
How many birds with common name in USA starting with American? 19.
ref-1
ref-2
- American White Pelican
(Pelecanus
erythrorhynchos)
vs. Great White Pelican (Pelecanus onocrotalus)
- American Black Duck
- American Wigeon
- American Green-winged Teal
- American Bittern
- American Coot
- American Avocet
- American Woodcock
- American Golden-Plover
- American Oystercatcher
- American Kestrel
- American Crow
- American Goldfinch
- American Tree Sparrow
- American Redstart
- American Pipit
- American Dipper
- American Robin
- American Three-toed Woodpecker (Picoides dorsalis)
How many duck (inc.
shelducks)
species did I see? And which has not yet?
Confirm (20+):
Redhead. Muscovy Duck. Wood Duck. American Wigeon. Gadwall. Ruddy Duck. Bufflehead.
Blue-winged Teal (8/20/2011).
Green-winged Teal. Hooded Merganser. Ring-necked Duck (1/2012
at "New Alley Pond"). Shoveler. Mallard. American
Black Duck.
Domestic Duck.
Greater or Lesser Scaup (1/8/2012). Red-breasted Merganser (1/8/2012, 7/28/2012). White-winged Scoter (1/8/2012).
Black-bellied Whistling-Duck
(where and when? 2012 Costa Rica?) Long-tailed Duck (2/18/2012).
Egyptian Goose (Alopochen aegyptiacus; "fox-goose") in the shelduck subfamily Tadorninae
(8/24/2012).
Muscovy duck (?Kissena Park 2/28/2009 [No, it is the the big Snowy Goose]?, Punta Cana 2011).
Horned Grebe (1/8/2012).
Question: Mottled Duck (rare in NYC) in FL or others? Masked Duck. Mandarin duck
(HK).
Definitely Not Yet:
(1) Cinnamon Teal (Anas cyanoptera)
Note: Mallard call duck - mini mallards breeding for their loud call, to attract mallard's for hunting.
Tides for Barren Island, Rockaway Inlet starting with July 30, 2016.
Day High Tide Height Sunrise Moon Time % Moon
/Low Time Feet Sunset Visible
Sa 30 High 5:16 AM 5.1 5:51 AM Rise 2:43 AM 19
30 Low 11:29 AM 0.0 8:12 PM Set 5:26 PM
30 High 5:45 PM 6.1
Su 31 Low 12:23 AM 0.0 5:52 AM Rise 3:38 AM 11
31 High 6:18 AM 5.2 8:11 PM Set 6:22 PM
31 Low 12:24 PM -0.1
31 High 6:42 PM 6.3
M 1 Low 1:16 AM -0.2 5:53 AM Rise 4:37 AM 5
1 High 7:14 AM 5.5 8:10 PM Set 7:12 PM
1 Low 1:18 PM -0.1
1 High 7:33 PM 6.4
Tu 2 Low 2:06 AM -0.3 5:54 AM Rise 5:39 AM 1
2 High 8:04 AM 5.7 8:09 PM Set 7:56 PM
2 Low 2:09 PM -0.1
2 High 8:21 PM 6.4
W 3 Low 2:53 AM -0.4 5:55 AM Rise 6:41 AM 0
3 High 8:52 AM 5.7 8:08 PM Set 8:34 PM
3 Low 2:57 PM -0.1
3 High 9:06 PM 6.3
Th 4 Low 3:37 AM -0.3 5:56 AM Rise 7:43 AM 1
4 High 9:38 AM 5.7 8:07 PM Set 9:09 PM
4 Low 3:43 PM 0.0
4 High 9:49 PM 6.1
F 5 Low 4:18 AM -0.2 5:57 AM Rise 8:44 AM 4
5 High 10:24 AM 5.6 8:06 PM Set 9:41 PM
5 Low 4:26 PM 0.2
5 High 10:33 PM 5.8
http://www.saltwatertides.com/cgi-local/newyork.cgi
7/30/2016 (Sat) 8am - 12pm
JBWR
JBWR:
Semipalmated Sandpiper (gray body & blackish legs). Least
Sandpiper (brown body & greenish or yellowish legs). Semipalmated Plover.
Greater Yellowlegs, run frantically to chase small fish.. Lesser Yellowlegs.
Skimmer (1). Least Tern. Common Tern or similar species.
Yellow Warbler. Goldfinch. Starling, juvenile molting to adult
plumage. Black-crowned Night Heron. Waterthrush. Great Blue
Heron. Snowy Egret, chasing fish too. Glossy Ibis. Crow, a
young one begging for food.
Damselflies: mainly blue Bluets.
Dragonflies at Big John's Pond: a possibly Twelve-spotted Skimmer.
Eastern Pondhawk Common Green Darner, female, ovipositing.
Blue Dasher, male.
Skipper, a large one, probably Silver-spotted Skipper.
A small butterfly, Eastern Tailed-Blue, not Hairstreak. It looks similar to Spring Azure of
Gossamer-wing family; but it is not. It has "tails" and Azure has not.
Wasp: Hornet nest. European Paper Wasp (Polistes dominula)
or less likely Yellow Jacket or others?
Cicada.
A large fly waiting for me to take photo at the bench at East Pond lookout.
Small Milkweed Bug (or a similar
species) mating. Sand Wasp (Bicyrtes
quadrifasciatus) ) digging and closing the burrow. Photo:
Skimmer - <1>
A small butterfly, Eastern Tailed-Blue - <1>
A large fly -
Eastern Pondhawk |
1 immature male |
|
2 female |
Note:
(1)
butterfly id tool
(2)
Ranger Ryan on Eastern Pondhawk at Big John's (Jun 7, 2016 posted) -
While the green females tend to remain stationary among the plant life around
the pond, the blue males spend a lot of their time cruising over the waters and
hunting other flying insects, some as big as themselves.
7/16/2016 (Sat) am, sunny and very hot
Nickerson Beach (880 Lido Blvd, Lido Beach, NY 11561)
Shorebird and Tern Baby Day in July
Babies everywhere.
Oystercatcher babies and juveniles. Common Tern, incubating and babies. Piping Plover
juveniles. Skimmer, incubating and babies. Least Tern, no
adult incubating and cannot identify any young.
Dragonfly. Rabbit (2), probably Eastern Cottontail.
A dead cicada on the way to get my car on 150th St. Heard cicada singing
during the week.Photo:
Skimmer babies -
Common Tern babies -
Oystercatcher babies/juveniles -
Piping Plover juveniles -
7/9/2016 (Sat) am / pm after Dim Sum, cloudy
Oceanside / Kissena Park
Oceanside: Seaside Dragonlet (a lot of males, a couple of females). Tern
(many): Least Tern? Common Tern? or others.
Glossy Ibis (1). Willet (many). Killdeer (1). Tree Swallow (4-5
juveniles).
Kissena: Orange Bluet (a couple of). Common Grackle (1).
7/4/2016 (Mon) am / pm
JBWR / Kissena Park
JBWR:
Skipper, a large one, probably Silver-spotted Skipper.
Waxwing. Common Yellowthroat. Grackle, many females. Glossy Ibis.
Kissena Park:
The white goose has 4 children. Probably it is a male mating with a female
Canada Goose, producing 4 hybrid goslings in this year.
Amberwing. Blue Dasher.
Note:
The white goose family on Web: YouTube-1
YouTube-2
One
source says it is a it's a domestic Graylag Goose.
Compared to here.
And:
7/2/2016 (Sat) pm
Westchester 墓園墳場 & birdfeeder at Jonathan's home
Dragonfly In Valhalla: Amberwing, and Unicorn Clubtail (Arigomphus villosipes).
Chipmunk. Blue Jay. Red-bellied Woodpecker. Chipping Sparrow.
Amberwing (many), and Unicorn Clubtail (1).Photo:
Unicorn Clubtail -
Note on Unicorn Clubtail (Arigomphus villosipes):
1.
It commonly rests on wet pond edges, rock and logs, where it can be extremely difficult to approach. It is apparently proficient at taking and feeding on smaller dragonflies.
src
2.
odonatacentral.org
Genus Arigomphus
Species cornutus (Tough,
1900) [Gomphus]
Species furcifer (Hagen
in Selys, 1878) [Gomphus]
Species lentulus (Needham,
1902) [Gomphus]
Species maxwelli (Ferguson,
1950) [Gomphus]
Species pallidus (Rambur,
1842) [Gomphus]
Species submedianus (Williamson,
1914) [Gomphus]
wiki: range of Jade
Clubtail is
not in NY area.
3.
6/25/2016 (Sat) am
JBWR
(7th visit)
A lot of photographers out today
Big John's Pond: Barn Owl. Black-crowned Night Heron. Glossy Ibis.
East Pond: Skimmer (2).
Common Yellowthroat. Willow Flycatcher or other flycatcher.
6/18/2016 (Sat) 7:45 am - 1:15pm
Nickerson Beach (880 Lido Blvd, Lido Beach, NY 11561) / Lido Beach Passive
Nature Preserve / Oceanside
Shorebird and Tern Baby Day
Oystercatcher babies and juveniles. Common Tern baby (1+). Piping
Plover juveniles (3). Skimmer and Least Tern, incubating, no baby or juvenile
is seen. Pictures of Least Tern Egg?
Willets.
Seaside
Dragonlet [cf. 6/29/2013, 7/11/2015].
6/11/2016 (Sat) am
JBWR
(6th visit) /
Big Egg Marsh / Broad
Channel American Park
A Wren Day
Big John's Pond: Black-crowned Night Heron
(2).
East Pond: Mute Swan (1 adult with 1 child).
Waxwing. Common Yellowthroat. Willow Flycatcher (id by the birder
with his scope).
Note: June 1st at
Jamaica Bay (2008) by Corey - spot several Willow Flycatchers and an Acadian
Flycatcher (and heard another Acadian).
6/4/2016 (Sat) am
Kissena Park
5/30/2016 (Mon) noon-3pm
JBWR
/
Big Egg Marsh / Broad
Channel American Park
East Pond: Damselfly (Bluet?). Ruddy Duck (many). Mute Swan (many).
Big John's Pond: Black-crowned Night Heron
(1).
A blue color bird. Eastern
Tent Caterpillars. Wren. Towhee. Osprey chicks (2).
Oystercatcher (2). Yellow Warbler (a few). Dragonfly.
Skipper and one other butterfly (American / Painted Lady?).
5/29/2016 (Sun) late pm
Kissena (Corridor) Park
Eastern Cottontail. Dragonfly. Wasp. Lady-bug- like insect. Butterfly, small, unknown (Duskywing?). Osprey catches fish. Grackle, bath adult and a juvenile.
Baltimore Oriole.Photo:
Grackle - juvenile bathing adult
Note:
(1)
List of Butterflies of New York
Skippers (Hesperiidae)
Spread-wing Skippers (Pyrginae)
Columbine Duskywing (Erynnis
lucilius)
Common Checkered-Skipper (Pyrgus
communis)
Common Sootywing (Pholisora
catullus)
Dreamy Duskywing (Erynnis
icelus)
Golden Banded-Skipper (Autochton
cellus)
Grizzled Skipper (Pyrgus
centaureae)
Hoary Edge (Achalarus
lyciades)
Horace's Duskywing (Erynnis
horatius)
Juvenal's Duskywing (Erynnis
juvenalis)
Long-tailed Skipper (Urbanus
proteus)
Mottled Duskywing (Erynnis
martialis)
Northern Cloudywing (Thorybes
pylades)
Persius Duskywing (Erynnis
persius)
Silver-spotted Skipper (Epargyreus
clarus)
Sleepy Duskywing (Erynnis
brizo)
Southern Cloudywing (Thorybes
bathyllus)
Wild Indigo Duskywing (Erynnis
baptisiae)
- See more at:
http://www.thebutterflysite.com/newyork-butterflies.shtml#sthash.oiXrcVNw.dpuf
5/28/2016 (Sat) 7:30 am - pm
Nickerson Beach (880 Lido Blvd, Lido Beach, NY 11561) / Lido Beach Passive Nature Preserve / Oceanside
/
Big Egg Marsh / Broad
Channel American Park
Seeing Jeff (NYSIF) at Nickerson.
Nickerson Beach: Skimmers. Sanderlings. Terns (Common, Least). Piping
Plovers. Skimmer is FOS, last seen on 7/11/2015. Oystercatchers,
esp. a mating pair.
Lido: Common Yellowthroat (not sure here or Oceanside?)
Oceanside: Osprey (1 chick). Dragonfly.
Big Egg Marsh: Dragonfly.
Photo:
Least Tern -
Common Tern -
Sanderling -
Skimmer -
Piping Plover -
Osprey -
Willet -
Yellow-crowned Night Heron - juvenile eating crab
adult eating crab
Laughing Gull -
Semipalmated Sandpiper -
Oystercatcher - mating
5/22/2016 (Sun) late pm
Kissena (Corridor) Park
Eastern Cottontail (2 + 1 juvenile innocent
looking). cf.
8/3/2013
& 6/30/2012.
Feral cats. Juvenile Starling. Sick Rock Dove. Catbirds, many.
Song Sparrows.
Photo:
Eastern Cottontail - <1>
The third-1 (no red veins in its ears
so it may not be a juvenile; unless its parent mated in one of the warm days in
March; rusty nape patch is a key to id cottontail)
Running-1
Running-2 (set to run)
Robin -
Rock Dove -
Note:
(1) This is the time to see many
juvenile Starlings and enjoy shorebirds at
Big Egg Marsh / Broad Channel American Park.
(2) Eastern Cottontail Rabbit
-
Rabbit or Hare?
The term "rabbit" and the term "hare" are often used as synonyms but are not at
all interchangeable. The most obvious difference between these two types of
small, grazers is the shape of their ears: hares have much longer ears than
rabbits and the ears of hares tend to have black colored tips. There are also
significant differences in the two groups' burrowing habits (only rabbits make
underground burrows) and in the characteristics of their young (rabbits have
naked newborns, hares have furred newborns).
Mating can occur at any time during the warmer months of the year.
The young are born after a thirty day gestation period and are dependent upon
the doe for food for approximately two weeks. At two weeks the small rabbits
forage and fend for themselves.
(3) Eastern Cottontail Rabbit (New Hampshire) -
The eastern cottontail mates between February and September. The female builds a
nest in a depression in the ground and lines it with soft materials and fur from
her chest. The female gives birth about a month after mating. She has between
one to nine babies, although she usually will have four to five young. The
female feeds the young twice a day. The babies are weaned after about three
weeks and leave the nest after about seven weeks. The female may mate again just
hours after giving birth. Females can have three or four litters a year. Eastern
cottontails are ready to mate when they are three months old.
5/21/2016 (Sat) am - early pm
Nickerson Beach (880 Lido Blvd, Lido Beach, NY 11561) / Lido Beach Passive Nature Preserve / Oceanside
Nickerson Beach: Sanderlings, some in the rusty breeding plumage. Terns
(Common, Least). Least Tern is FOS and have not been seen in NYC Greater Area
(inc. LI) for 2 years (6/7/2014,
7/7/2012). Oystercatchers.
Lido: Dunlin in breeding plumage. Common Yellowthroat.
Oceanside: Peregrine Falcon (1 chick). Towhee.
Photo:
Least Tern -
Common Tern -
Sanderling -
Dunlin -
Note:
(1) Sanderling - breeding plumage highly variable; some show rich chestnut head
and upperparts, while others remain relatively colorless.
5/14/2016 (Sat) am to early pm / evening banquet
JBWR / Broad Channel American Park
My Warbler Day
FOS: Glossy Ibis. Brown Thrasher (at NYC; not count the dead one in 3/27
in PA). Common Yellowthroat (got many good pictures).
Flycatcher, Eastern Phoebe or others. Yellow-crowned Night Heron.
Barn Swallow.
A lot of Catbirds, Robins, Carpenter Bees & Eastern
Tent Caterpillars
(look the same as the one on
5/30/2015).
Yellow Warbler. Waterthrush. Warblers, others (female
Yellow-rumped?). Towhee. Swan,
esp. a family with six baby swans. Shorebirds (a probably Solitary
Sandpiper). Brant. Canada Geese. Tree Swallow. Laughing and other Gulls. Wren. Osprey. Double-crested Cormorant.
Oystercatcher (2). Grackle. Finch. Mockingbird. RWBB. Starling.
Mourning Dove. Cardinal. Rock Dove. House Sparrow. Photo:
Common Yellowthroat -
<1>
Solitary Sandpiper -
Tree Swallow -
Warblers -
Plant - hdr
Evening sister Tam 100th birthday banquet:
fb Google Photo
Note:
(1) THE PROPER NAME FOR A BABY SWAN:
Adult swans typically nest in pairs, rather than in colonies, and don’t
necessarily mate for life. According to the University of Michigan Animal
Diversity Web, mute swans have been seen with up to four different mates and
have also been known to leave one mate and pair up with another. Pairs do remain
together throughout the breeding season, but may switch partners the following
year. Together they build a nest that can be as large as 6 feet across where
they will hatch as many as nine babies.
Family Life: The male swan, called the cob, helps the female,
known as a pen, to look after their babies, called cygnets until they are a year
old. The young don’t spend more than one day in the nest once they hatch. If the
pen is still brooding eggs, the cob will take care of any cygnets that have
already hatched, leading them directly to the water. Though they can swim from
birth, cygnets may sometimes ride on the backs of their parents or take shelter
under their wings until they are old enough to strike out on their own.
(2) Eastern tent caterpillar wiki:
The tents act as miniature
greenhouses,
trapping the heat of the morning sun and allowing the caterpillars to warm more
quickly than they would if they remained outside. An aggregation of basking
caterpillars can achieve temperatures in excess (Tbody−Tambient)
of 44 °C. They easily overheat, so the aggregation splits up when they reach a
satisfactory temperature.
(3) Eastern Tent Caterpillar (Malacosoma
americanum): The only predators in JBWR are the 2 species of Cuckoos.
(4) Bird Notes:
[Breeding call of Black-billed Cuckoo]
Cuckoos perch quietly and scan their surroundings for food. Hairy tent
caterpillars, shunned by most birds, are often on their meal ticket. So, if you
have an infestation of tent caterpillars, you might see one of these slender
brown and white birds with long, white-spotted tails.
[Breeding call of Yellow-billed Cuckoo]
The cuckoo plucks a caterpillar from its tent and manipulates it back and forth
in its bill, taking off many of the bothersome hairs. But some of them remain,
and cuckoo stomachs are sometimes lined with these hairs. When the hairs are
dense enough to prevent digestion, the entire stomach lining is cast off and
regurgitated. Nature finds surprising ways to deal with problems!
(5)
When Caterpillars Move In, the Yellow-Billed Cuckoo Feasts (May 13,
2016, NY Times) By DAVE TAFT -
Any self-respecting yellow-billed cuckoo would like its prospects this year. The
sticky, webby bivouacs of Eastern
tent caterpillars festoon
virtually every black
cherry tree in
sight, and the caterpillars have chewed the poor plants virtually leafless.
Caterpillars are a mainstay of the yellow-billed’s diet.
...
The yellow-billed cuckoo and its close cousin, the black-billed cuckoo, arrive
at the height of bird migration — right about now in New York City — and remain
in numbers through the end of June. In my experience, they are most active in
the early-morning hours, and they frequent woodland edges and clearings. To see
one, or at least to hear one, plan a trip to any buggy woodland soon after
sunrise in the next few weeks. Van Cortlandt Park in the Bronx and Cunningham
Park in Queens are especially good places for these secretive birds, but the
Ramble in Central Park and even the North Garden at Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge
can also host cuckoos in season.
(6) Moths of Eastern Tent
Caterpillars have no mouth parts. As a result, the adults live only a few
days. Just long enough to find a mate and lay the eggs that will hatch
next year. [DAVE TAFT].
(7). Birds that eat forest tent caterpillars
(mirror)
:
- Blue jays are known to eat forest tent caterpillars. ... I need sources that I
can quote.
- having a list of nine birds for you, and I just now discovered that there are
over 60 species of birds that enjoy a meal of tent caterpillars for dinner!
- "Other known predators include frogs, mice, skunks and over 60 species of
birds (Witter and Kuhlman 1972). Bird predation of late-instar and pupal stage
forest tent caterpillars has recently been demonstrated to cause overwhelming
mortality of populations at all densities in an artificial setting, and is
hypothesized as the principle regulator of low density populations between
outbreaks (Parry et al. 1997)." University of Florida Department of Entomology
and Nematology
http://creatures.ifas.ufl.edu/trees/forest_tent_caterpillar.htm
- Forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria, Hübner 1820 (http://texasinsects.tamu.edu/cimg294.html):
1) White-breasted nuthatch (Sitta carolinensis) -
<1>
<2>
2) Black-billed Cuckoo (Coccyzus erythropthalmus) -
<1>
3) Yellow-billed Cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus) -
<1>
<2>
<3>
4) Bay-breasted Warbler (Dendroica castanea) -
<1>
5) Baltimore Oriole (Icterus galbula) -
<1>
6) Mockingbirds (Mimus polyglottos) -
<1>
- American Tent Caterpillar = Eastern Tent Caterpillar (Malacosoma
americanum):
7) Blue Jays (Cyanocitta cristata) -
<1>
8) Black-throated Green Warbler (Dendroica virens virens)
9) Black-Capped Chickadee (Poecile atricapillus)
- More:
"The bears can and do eat up to 25,192 forest tent caterpillars in a
twenty-four hour period."
10) Agelaius and Brewer Blackbirds (Ezqhagus cyanocephaks)
11) Red-Winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus)
12) Rose-breasted Grosbeak (Zamelodia ludoviciana)
13) Pine Grosbeak (Pinicola enucleator)
14) Evening Grosbeak (Coccothraustes vespertinus)
15) American Crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos)
16) Ring-billed gulls (Larus delawarensis)
17) Least Flycatcher (Empidonax minimus)
18) Yellow Warbler (Dendroica petechia)
19) Cedar Waxwing
20) Pine Siskin (Carduelis pinus)
- Not a scholarly link - "Songbirds eagerly probe the bark of trees and gobble
up as many tent caterpillar eggs as they can find. Among the most helpful egg
hunters are bluebirds, blue jays, tufted titmice, and chickadees. Black and
yellow-billed cuckoos, Baltimore orioles, redwing blackbirds, phoebes, red-eyed
vireos, robins, and downy woodpeckers will eat the caterpillars, too."
(8)
Tent Caterpillars are for the Birds -
There are two species of springtime tent caterpillars in northern Michigan:
eastern tent caterpillars (Malacosoma
americanum) and
forest tent caterpillars (Malacosoma
disstria),
... someone asked whether any birds will eat these pesky insects. Tom answered
that severely declining populations of black-billed and yellow-billed cuckoos in
particular are crazy about them. According to research conducted at the
Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station 60 birds species have been documented
to eat tent caterpillars including cuckoos, orioles, jays, chickadees and
nuthatches. This same study also found that tent caterpillar outbreaks are
controlled by native predators and parasites including 127 insect parasites, 28
insect predators, frogs, mice, bats, reptiles, squirrels, skunks, and bears. By
sifting through one day’s worth of bear poop (fun job) researchers found that a
single bear on average ate around 25,000 caterpillars in a one day.
(9) Ranger Ryan (2016):
Birds can only eat them [Eastern Tent Caterpillar] when they are very young,
after a few weeks they become too hairy to be swallowed.
5/7/2016 (Sat) am / late pm.
Queens Farm Museum / Kissena (Corridor) Park
Queens Farm Museum: Killdeers (2).
Kissena Corridor: Met a lady birder showing me the sound of ovenbird.
She heard it there.
Kissena Park: Photo:
Robin eating worm -
Killdeer -
Mourning Dove in flight -
Small White butterfly -
Hempstead Lake State
Park
-
Robert
Adamo Thu,
05 May 2016 20:53:42 -0700
Not surprisingly , all the Swallows were first seen over water, with Bank,
Tree, Cliff and Barn feeding over the South Pond, while N.Rough-winged was
encountered over MacDonald's Pond. We then were reluctant to leave this
location in case a Purple Martin decided to show up, and I even had the
idea to offer a $6.00 bonus for the first person to find one...but I
chickened out ! In addition to the Bank and Cliff Swallows, Great Crested
Flycatcher, E.Kingbird and Ovenbird were FOY species for me. src
4/30/2016 (Sat) 7-10am.
JBWR
Yellow Warbler FOS. Yellow-rumped Warbler. Towhee FOS. Catbird, first of
Season at JBWR. Snowy Egret. Wren singing/calling,
many.
Goose families (7 / 3 / 1 gosling(s)). Tree swallow chases away
calling wren. Common Grackle. Boat-tailed Grackle. Coot. Ruddy
Duck. Cormorant. Swan. etc.
Note:
The
Problem: House Wrens may destroy eggs and young of other
cavity-nesters.
If you have placed nest boxes for Tree Swallows or bluebirds near shrubs, edges
of
woods, or hedgerows, sooner or later you're apt to hear a loud bubbly song
coming
from a rather plain-colored brown bird with a stubby tail and long,
sharp-pointed bill. A
House Wren has discovered your boxes. (If you aren't sure what a House Wren
sounds like, click here to
view a YouTube video of one in action).
Like Tree Swallows and bluebirds, House Wrens are cavity-nesters that can't make
their own cavities, and though tiny in size House Wrens have developed effective
methods for competing with larger species for these crucial resources, methods
that
can mean big trouble for Tree Swallows and bluebirds. If House Wrens have
indeed
discovered your boxes you will need to decide whether to remove the boxes or
not.
House Wrens tend to migrate north later than Tree Swallows and bluebirds, often
arriving on the scene when the swallows and bluebirds are already building nests
or
have eggs or small nestlings. If the swallows and bluebirds are lucky the wrens
will
find unoccupied cavities in or near the shrubby tangles they prefer, and leave
the
other species' nests alone. However, if the swallow or bluebird nests are
themselves
anywhere near shrubby tangles they may be in danger of destruction or takeover
by
the wrens.
Classic signs of House Wren depredation include coarse twigs, typical of wren
nests,
placed on top of existing swallow or bluebird nests, eggs with smallish
two-holed
punctures found in the nest, or punctured eggs or small dead swallow or bluebird
nestlings on the ground beneath the nest box.
src
4/23/2016 (Sat) am
Nickerson Beach (880 Lido Blvd, Lido Beach, NY 11561) / Lido Beach Passive Nature Preserve / Oceanside
Nickerson Beach: Oystercatchers, a lot. Shorebirds, a lot, mostly
probably Sanderlings. Gulls.
Lido: Boat-tailed Grackles, a lot. Tree Swallows, a lot. Greater Yellowlegs
(2). A Canada Goose is sitting and neighboring geese acts in high alert so
it is probably incubating eggs.
Oceanside: Peregrine Falcon (4 eggs). Osprey (2 eggs until 4/14). Tree Swallow (a lot).
Note:
Best route from home to Nickerson: Get on Grand Central Pkwy. Take Cross Island
Pkwy, Southern State Pkwy. Take exit 22S toward Jones Beach/New York M S. Merge
onto Meadowbrook State Pkwy S. Take exit M10 for Loop Parkway. Take the exit
toward Long Beach (to Lido Blvd in Lido Beach) from Loop Parkway. Follow Lido Blvd to the destination.
In fact, go to Oceanside first, then to Nickerson. Not much different
in distance, I think, but taking longer time.
4/22/2016 (Fri) around 12:30pm.
the park at the AT&T Long Lines Building (at 33 Thomas Street) near NYSIF office
Catbird, FOS.
4/17/2016 (Sun) 7-9am.
JBWR
Wren singing. Oystercatcher (a pair). Yellow-rumped Warbler.
Little Blue Heron (2). Snowy Egret. Great Egret. Butterfly.Photo:
Tree Swallow -
crop-1
hdr-1
4/16/2016 (Sat) am / pm after Dim Sum, sunny
Breezy Point ($60 parking fine)
/ Kissena Park
Breezy Point: Oystercatcher, FOS. Piping Plover (1). Cowbird, male.
Common Grackle. Yellow-rumped Warbler. Butterfly.
Kissena Park: Photo:
Oystercatcher -
Fisherman's Parking
Area Sign
Note:
(1) Mar 15 or after, go to Breezy Point early morning, leaving before 9 or
9:30am. My ticket was given after 10am. Or get the one day pass for
birding.
4/7-14/2016 (Thu-Thu)
Akumal and Puerto Morelos, MexicoPhoto:
Green Sea Turtle -
fb
fb-pic
Winnie's Album -
fb
Google Photo
my TS30 -
Google Photo
Parroquia Catolica de San Jose, a small church at town square
of Puerto Morelos -
HDR (Preset: Painterly 2)
4/2/2016 (Sat) am, departing from home at sunrise.
JBWR
Wren singing. Tree Swallow (many). Boat-tailed Grackle (a flock of
females and many males). Osprey couple. Cowbird (many males and
females). Junco (a couple).Photo:
Cowbird -
female-1
4/2/2016 (Sat) pm
Valhalla, Westchester - 墓園墳場掃墓祭祖Photo:
Raven (or crow?) taking off -
HDR, w800 (fb)
Note: Common Raven:
渡鸦(学名:Corvus
corax)-
C. c. principalis:出沒於北美洲北部及格陵蘭。牠們有着很大的體型及最大的喙,羽毛有強烈的光澤,頸羽則很豐滿。
3/26-27/2016 (Sat-Sun)
Lancaster, PA
Dead Brown Thrasher.
Photo Album
Note:
1.
Causes of Bird Mortality
(2003): First, it should be stated that the single most significant threat to bird populations is habitat destruction
...
The various causes of mortality outlined below kill individual birds directly
...
Collisions
:
Window strikes – estimated to kill 97 to 976 million birds/year – Millions of houses and buildings, with their billions of windows, pose a significant threat to birds. Birds see the natural habitat mirrored in the glass and fly directly into the window, causing injury and, in 50% or more of the cases, death.
Predation
:
Hunting – as a point of reference the carefully-managed annual waterfowl hunt kills about 15 million birds a year in North America. This, of course, is balanced by extensive and well-funded management and conservation efforts so hunting is not a threat to the population of any North American bird, and conservation efforts led by hunters have been hugely beneficial to many species in addition to the ones being hunted.
Domestic and Feral Cats – may kill 500 million birds per year or more. More information can be found at The American Bird Conservancy. Predators, of course, account for the vast majority of bird deaths each year, and most of this predation is natural. Domestic cats are not natural predators, but kill many birds. It is worth noting that house cats have been blamed for the extinction of two species of small mammals in the southeastern United States, and feral cats continue to be a huge problem where they have been introduced on many oceanic islands.
2. Abcbirds.org (more updated):
The ‘impacts’ paper on the below web page estimates mortality of birds due to
cat predation to be one billion.
https://abcbirds.org/threat/cats-and-other-invasives/
Collision mortality updates:
https://abcbirds.org/threat/bird-strikes/
Up to one billion birds are killed by collisions
with glass in
the United States every year.
4/23 or later
Oceanside / Lido Beach
/ Nickerson Beach
(early morning or after 7pm)
3/19/2016 (Sat) am
Crocheron Park (Golden Pond, John Golden Park section, etc.),
Queens
County Farm Museum
Crocheron: Common Grackle (a small flock, FOS). One with a white face (albino or
leucistic or else?).
Farm Museum: Killdeer (2, FOS). Cowbird (a few females and a male, FOS).
Yellow-bellied Sapsucker (male, probably FOS).
Photo:
Yellow-bellied Sapsucker -
<1>
Mourning Dove -
<1>
Swan
Common Grackle
Cowbird
3/6/2016 (Sun) pm
Kissena (Corridor) Park
Bufflehead, look like a female. This winter I really have seen the most
species of ducks, 11 species in a winter. How about 2011-12 winter?
12 species.
11 species: Redhead. American Wigeon. Gadwall. Ruddy Duck.
Bufflehead. Green-winged Teal. Hooded Merganser. Ring-necked Duck.
Shoveler. Mallard. American Black Duck.
12 species in 2011-12 winter: Ring-necked Duck. Greater or Lesser Scaup (1/8/2012).
Red-breasted Merganser (1/8/2012). White-winged Scoter (1/8/2012). Bufflehead (1/8/2012). Shoveler. Mallard. American Black Duck. Hooded Merganser. Green-winged Teal
(1/28/2012). Ruddy Duck. Long-tailed Duck (2/18/2012). [Common Loons too but they are not ducks.]
Pheasant, male (1). Song Sparrow singing.
Photo:
Bufflehead - <1>
<2>
<3>
<4a>
<4b>
3/5/2016 (Sat) 驚蟄 pm, sunny then become cloudy, 40+ F
Kissena Park / Baisley Pond Park (wiki)
Kissena: Robins are back, quite a lot; FOS; eating earthworms. Earthworms move upward as soon as the average temperatures of the ground reaches about 36 degrees. src
Baisley Pond Park: a flock of Mourning Dove, FOS. No hawk.
Photo:
American Robin -
Note:
驚蟄
每年03月5~7日
三候 -
桃始華:桃花紅,自此漸盛。
倉庚鳴:黃鸝叫鳴。
鷹化為鳩:鷹開始悄悄地躲起來繁育後代,而原本蟄伏的鳩開始鳴叫求偶,古人沒有看到鷹,而周圍的鳩好像一下子多起來,他們就誤以為是鷹變成了鳩。
驚蟄,是24節氣中的第三個節氣。每年3月5日或6日,太陽到達黃經345度時即為驚蟄,這時氣溫回升較快,漸有春雷萌動,驚蟄的意思是天氣回暖,春雷始鳴,驚醒蟄伏於地下冬眠的昆蟲。蟄是藏的意思。
Bird Call Video - 34 birds
2/27/2016 (Sat) am, cold / pm after Dim Sum, sunny
Baisley Pond Park (wiki)
/ Kissena Park
My 5th Duck Day.
RWBB, many males calling.
Kissena:
RWBB too, the famous
conk-la-ree! of the males.
When will see Common Grackle (FOS record: 3/21/2015, 3/8/2014)? Somebody
saw 3 at Central Park already today (ebird).
And Catbird (FOS record in NYC: 5/9/2015)?
Photo:
American Wigeon -
<1>
Mockingbird -
<1>
RWBB -
2/20/2016 (Sat) am, 50F feel like 45F
Baisley Pond Park (wiki)
-
My 4th Duck Day.
RWBB, male (1), FOS calling; last year & 2014: 3/8. Gadwalls stealing food from Coots. Same old friends.
Photo:
Ring-necked Duck, taking off -
<1>
<2>
Rock Dove - male of courting attempt
1 (inflating its iridescent chest)
Redhead - <1>
Gadwall -
Gull - flying-1
standing-1
Coot -
Mockingbird -
Shoveler -
Video:
Gadwalls stealing food from Coots
Note:
(1) Gadwalls are well-known for stealing food (kleptoparasitism) from American Coots . They eat the same kinds of food (submerged aquatic vegetation), Gadwalls are almost a third bigger than coots and the two species often feed together in mixed flocks so being the bullies on the block, Gadwalls can't resist taking advantage of the situation.
src
(2) The Rock Dove is the wild ancestor of the common town pigeon. The Feral
Pigeon genes have been diluted by domestic breeding for homing/racing/message
carrying/fancy plumage and other traits and the feral escapees and hybrids now
common worldwide, particularly in cities, come in various patterns and colors.
True Rock Doves, also called Rock Pigeons, are increasingly rare as wild pigeons
hybridize with feral and pure Rock Doves are usually on rocky offshore outposts
away from human settlements (in UK, mostly off Scotland). The Rock Dove looks
like a pale grey pigeon with iridescent green and purple neck and two black wing
bars. It has a smaller cere 蠟 (white on nostrils), bright red feet, a white patch
on upper rump and pale grey lower rump.
src
2/14/2016 (Sun)
Record-setting Temperatures:
In New York City, the low temperature had fallen to a daily record low of 1 degree below zero as of 7:00 a.m. EST. This is the coldest reading at Central Park since Jan. 27, 1994, or more than two decades.
src
Note:
(1)
Central Park NYC
Sunday February 14, 2016
OBS: Robert DeCandido, Deborah & others on bird walk
Double-crested Cormorant - Reservoir
Red-tailed Hawk - Great Lawn (also first-winter bird eating a sparrow-sized bird at Willow Rock before the walk)
Ring-billed Gull - Reservoir
Red-bellied Woodpecker - several
Yellow-bellied Sapsucker - maple north of the Source of the Gill & near Boathouse
Downy Woodpecker - several
Northern Flicker - Great Lawn
Black-capped Chickadee - 2
Tufted Titmouse - 3
White-breasted Nuthatch - 7
Ruby-crowned Kinglet - feeders
American Robin - not many
Gray Catbird - just north of the Gill
Song Sparrow - Boathouse before walk
House Finch - feeders & feeding in hemlock near Boathouse
American Goldfinch - feeders & feeding in hemlock near Boathouse
Glad to see the kinglet and catbird survived the night.
|
hhttp://birding.aba.org/message.php?mesid=1070415&MLID=NY01&MLNM=New%20York#sthash.KkLXjLZd.dpuf
(2)
Catbird wintering in Bennington, Vermont.--
Early in December, 1941, Mrs. Stella Higgins telephoned me that she had a
Catbird coming to her feeding station. Although doubting the report, as soon as
I had an opportunity I visited her place. Sure enough, there was the Catbird. It
seemed hale and hearty. From that time until February 15, 1942, the bird was a
daily visitor to the feeding station. I saw it many times. Mrs. Higgins said
that its visiting hours were usually about the middle of the morning, between
one and two in the afternoon, and just before dusk. An effort was made to locate
the place where it spent the night, but without success.
Late in the afternoon of February 15 it came to the feeding station as was its
wont. It seemed as active and alert as ever. While Mrs. Higgins was watching it
feed, it suddenly flew up from the ground to a height of five or six feet, and
dropped back dead. We, being uncertain as to the cause of death, sent the body
to the Museum of Comparative Zoo1ogy at Harvard College.
Mr. James L. Peters's report was this: "It was a male in good condition, not
overly fat, but with some adipose tissue. No sign of old injury. Death was
probably due to a blow on the back of the skull. Though the skull itself was not
injured, there was a hole in the skin below and to the right of the occiput, and
a small amount of intercranial hemorrhage. The bird might have been attacked by
a shrike, or hit something in flying up. Anyway death was due to injury and not
to weather conditions or starvation."
src
火鏡藏蒼鷺 火猴送金羊
1/30/2016 (Sat) am
Baisley Pond Park (wiki)
- more than half of the pond surface is frozen.
My 3rd Duck Day.
Baisley:
No Pied-billed Grebe is found. Same old friends, inc. Downy or Hairy Woodpecker.
Fox Sparrow is again seen and taken pictures.
Photo:
Fox Sparrow - <1>
Redhead -
American Wigeon -
Gadwall - <1>
Woodpecker -
Crow - <1>
I N F O:
(1) Big freeze and ice is 'good for pond life'
-
With a covering of ice the oxygen is trapped in the pond and, if the ice cover
lasts for long enough, oxygen levels will rise.
So if garden ponds have lots of underwater plants or algae, oxygen levels can
nearly double in the coldest weather.
The only time that pond owners should intervene is if they own fish, or the
bottom of their ponds are full of silt and dead leaves.
(2) Gadwall video on
Youtube - "The
male is showing his special way of stirring food from the bottom of the lake -
foot paddling. The female is showing her special technique - wait until the male
stirs up some food and have some of that. Gadwall make a specialty of stealing
food from other water birds, but it's usually coots they follow around to do
this."
(3)
Gadwall Stealing Food From A Coot
-
"Gadwall ... would relentlessly follow very closely behind the coot waiting for it to dive for food. In fact the bill of the duck was sometimes touching the rump of the coot when it dived.
... Often the coot would attempt to swallow the food with its head underwater before the duck moved in but the Gadwall was always there in a heartbeat to take advantage. Often I didn't know which bird actually ended up swallowing the food.
I was surprised at how nonchalant both birds were in this situation. There was no frantic fighting over the food and each bird was relatively calm as they competed for breakfast. Sometimes the coot was able to swallow the food before the Gadwall snatched it away and sometimes it wasn't but neither bird got too excited about it."
"American Wigeon do the same. Here in our area (Eugene, OR) I have watched this same encounter many times and have both still photos and videos of these interactions. Male American Wigeon seems slightly more
aggressive about stealing from coots, but females certainly do their share of this as well. Coots seem to mostly tolerate this
behavior. Several times I have watched Wigeon approach Pied-billed Grebes. As the widgeon gets close, the grebes
always dive and swim underwater some distance before resurfacing."
(4)
Kleptoparasitism of Coots by Gadwalls
(1984)
- Female Gadwalls parasitized Coots more frequently than did males. Once the Coot surfaced, the Gadwalls waited a few seconds before starting to parasitize, which could serve to prevent eliciting an aggressive response from the Coot.
(5) Kleptoparasitism of American coots by gadwalls and its relationship to social dominance and food abundance
(1995;
North Sauty Wildlife Refuge, northeastern Alabama) -
pdf
Abstract:br>
&
Kleptoparasitism of American Coots (Fulica americana) by Gadwalls (Anas
strepera) was recorded from October 1991-February 1992. We used these data to
test whether frequency and rate of kleptoparasitism were related to variation in
food abundance and dominance status of Gadwalls. Overall, 30% (n = 423) of
Gadwalls observed were kleptoparasitic; the relative frequency and rate of
kleptoparasitism varied monthly. The proportion of individuals engaged in food
stealing and the rate of kleptoparasitism were greatest for subordinate sex/pair
status classes of Gadwalls. When comparing diurnal time-activity budgets,
kleptoparasitic Gadwalls spent less time feeding (56 vs. 68%) and more time
searching for food (37 vs. 24%) than did individuals not participating in
kleptoparasitism. Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum) was the primary
food of Gadwalls and American Coots. As this aquatic macrophyte declined in
abundance over the winter as a result of the effects of herbivory and natural
senescence, so did numbers of coots and Gadwalls. When coot and Gadwall numbers
were held constant statistically, the rate of kleptoparasitism was inversely
related to milfoil cover. Food-stealing behavior of Gadwalls was influenced by
social dominance and food abundance; it was mediated by host/parasite numbers.
Results suggest that kleptoparasitism is an alternative foraging strategy used
by subordinate Gadwalls that do not have access to good feeding areas.
FOOD STEALING, or kleptoparasitism, has been reported in many
species of birds (Brockmann and Barnard 1979). It is especially prevalent in
seabirds including gulls (Larus spp.; Hatch 1970, Schnell et al. 1983, Carroll
and Cramer 1985, Rice 1985, Hesp and Barnard 1989), skuas (Stercorarius spp.;
Andersson 1976, Furness 1977), and boobies (Sula spp.; Duffy 1980, Tershy and
Breese 1990). Waterfowl (Anatidae) are hosts to at least 47 species of
kleptoparasites, but only 3 species of ducks have been reported as
kleptoparasites, despite the fact that waterfowl frequently occur in mixed
species flocks (Brockmann and Barnard 1979). Gadwalls (Anas strepera) and
American Wigeons (A. americana) are frequent parasites on American Coots (Fulica
americana) and Eurasian Coots (F. atra) in areas of distributional overlap (Knapton
and Knudsen 1978, Ryan 1981, Amat and Soriguer 1984).
Kleptoparasitism can be important for meeting energy requirements, but benefits
depend on cost of attack and profitability of food items (Thompson 1986). For
example, kleptoparasitic Eurasian Curlews (Numenius arquata) acquired
3.6 times more net energy than conspecifics that did not steal food (Ens
et al. 1990). American Wigeons stealing food from American Coots gained
access to a food source that was unavailable to wigeons because of water
depth (Knapton and Knudsen 1978).
Kleptoparasitism can have negative effects on host species.
Nettleship (1972) reported lower fledging success of Common Puffins (Fratercula
arctica) in areas where they were heavily kleptoparasitized by Herring
Gulls (L. argentatus). Kleptoparasitized Eurasian Coots dived more often
and, therefore, spent more energy than nonparasitized coots (Amat and
Soriguer 1984).
Several factors may promote kleptoparasitism (review in Brockmann
and Barnard 1979). Food stealing is more likely to occur when food items
are large, visible and/or require long handling times to consume.
Shortages in the quantity or quality of food may also stimulate
kleptoparasitic behavior (Amat and Soriguer 1984, Amat 1990).
Subordinate individuals with reduced access to food resources may be
more likely to engage in food stealing than dominants (Brockmann and
Barnard 1979). Occurrences of kleptoparasitism may also depend on there
being a sufficient number of hosts that do not defend food resources
aggressively.
Wintering Gadwalls and American Coots frequently occur together at
sites with abundant aquatic vegetation; both feed on a diet of leafy
vegetation. In Louisiana, for example, vegetative material comprised
over 95% of diets of Gadwalls, and they foraged for 61% of the diurnal
period (Paulus 1982, 1984). American Coots potentially have a broader
foraging niche than Gadwalls because coots feed either by diving or on
the surface. Although diving has been reported in Gadwalls (Kear and
Johnsgard 1968), we did not observe this behavior.
We studied kleptoparasitic behavior of Gadwalls on American Coots
during the winter and evaluated three factors which may influence its
occurrence. First, food availability may differ for individual Gadwalls
within a population; dominant individuals, for example, frequently have
greater access to preferred food resources than subordinates (Gauthreaux
1978). In winter, paired Gadwalls are dominant to unpaired individuals,
and males are dominant to females (Paulus 1983, Hepp and Hair 1984). If
asymmetries in social status among Gadwalls influence acquisition of
food, birds in subordinate classes (females and unpaired birds) should
initiate kleptoparasitic behavior more frequently than dominant classes
(males and paired birds). Second, we also examined diurnal time-activity
budgets of Gadwalls and predicted that kleptoparasitic individuals would
spend more time searching for food and less time feeding than birds that
do not steal food. Third, we measured the abundance of Eurasian
watermilfoil (Myriophyllurn spicaturn), the dominant macrophyte at the
site (Bates et al. 1991) and the primary food of Gadwalls and American
Coots, several times during the fall and winter. If kleptoparasitism is
influenced by variation in food quantity, the frequency and rate of
kleptoparasitism should increase with decreasing amounts of Eurasian
watermilfoil. If these predictions are supported, kleptoparasitism can
be considered an important foraging strategy (i.e. "making the best of a
bad situation") used by subordinate Gadwalls that do not have access to
high-quality feeding areas. |
(6)
a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MfrdBcKd79wC&pg=PA49&lpg=PA49&dq=duck+kleptoparasites&source=bl&ots=RV3-1foQmD&sig=IEBWvq0Gb-ytVMxqW6WkE1jxmkg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiV-ciZmNTKAhXMHD4KHVo7A6M4ChDoAQgpMAM#v=onepage&q=duck%20kleptoparasites&f=false">Ducks, Geese and Swans: General chapters, species accounts (2005)
[Note: Common Coot = Eurasian Coot (F. atra)]
(7) Several species of coots and gallinules have been recorded engaging in
kleptoparasitism.[20] American
coots often feed in the company of other waterfowl species, and occasionally
will rob diving ducks—including ring-necked
ducks, redheads and canvasback—when
they surface with food. Eurasian
coots steal from conspecifics, as well as from diving and dabbling ducks,
and swans. Allen's
gallinules rob both conspecifics and African
pygmy geese.
wiki
(8) 叶蝇科雌蝇 的 偷窃寄生
(9) The Anatidae are
the biological family of
birds that includes ducks, geese and swans.
Waterfowl (Anatidae) are hosts to at least 47 species of kleptoparasites,
but only 3 species of ducks have been reported as kleptoparasites. The 3
species are Gadwall (Anas
strepera), American Wigeon (A. americana) and Eurasian Wigeon (Anas
penelope,
previously Mareca
penelope). According to
Kleptoparasitism in birds (1979) by
H. Jane Brockmann [pdf mirror here and in
my Adobe Document Cloud], there are 17 species are hosts to the 47 species of
kleptoparasites. What are the 17 species of Anatidae? After 35
years, the number may increase.
My guess:
1. Ring-necked Duck by American Coot [20]
2. Redhead by American Coot [20]
3. Canvasback by American Coot [20]
4. African
pygmy goose by
Allen's gallinule
wiki / [20]
5. Tundra Swans wintering in Chesapeake Bay feed almost exclusively on clams
that they dislodge from the mud. But it can be challenging to enjoy a peaceful
meal: often the swan has to fend off a Ring-billed, Herring, or Greater
Black-backed gull that swoops in to grab a clam from the swan's bill
src
6.
Common Merganser, or called
goosander (Eurasian)
(Mergus
merganser),
by gulls & Bald Eagle
src
7. Red-breasted Merganser (Mergus
serrator) by Ring-billed Gull
Google link or
Ring-billed_Gull_Food_Piracy_on_Diving_Ducks.pdf
8. Common Goldeneye
(Bucephala clangula) by Ring-billed Gull
Google link or
Ring-billed_Gull_Food_Piracy_on_Diving_Ducks.pdf
9. Greater Scaup (Aythya
marila) by Ring-billed Gull
Google link or
Ring-billed_Gull_Food_Piracy_on_Diving_Ducks.pdf
10. Tufted Duck by Black Headed Gull
picture from flickr
(steal small fish or molluscs) / BLACK HEADED GULLS TUSSLE WITH COOT
AND TUFTED DUCKS FOR FISH why? see Note 12 & 13.
11. Lesser Scaup, Barrow's Goldeneye, Bufflehead, Ruddy Duck, Hooded
Merganser, various seaducks. Various swans, Even
dabbling ducks.
* diving and dabbling ducks by Eurasian
coots [20]
* swans & diving ducks by American Wigeon (A. americana) and Eurasian Wigeon (Anas
penelope,
previously Mareca
penelope)
Ducks, Geese and Swans: General chapters, species accounts (2005)
* seaducks, diving ducks & mergansers by gulls.
Ducks, Geese and Swans: General chapters, species accounts (2005)
(10) American Coot display info / pictures
(11) Large gulls (lesser black-backed and herring gulls) on St Serf's island,
Loch Leven NNR were regularly culled by SNH up to 1997. In 1997 the cull was
ceased ... data showed duck productivity, as measured by the number of duck
broods and brood size, showed no decline after the gull cull ceased.
Ecology of St Serf's duck colony
Intensive bird studies in the early 1970's conducted as part of the
International Biodiversity Programme demonstrated the relationship between the
duck and gull colonies. All duck species had more hatching success when nesting
in the gullery (a breeding colony, breeding place, or roost of gulls) than
outside. This difference was statistically significant in the tufted duck and in
the combined data for all species. A preference was shown for ducks to seek the
"protection" of a black-headed gull colony above that of a large gull colony,
but both were seen as preferable to no "gull protection" at all. It presumably
occurred because the gulls, whilst not themselves serious predators on hidden
duck clutches, kept out other species like jackdaws that were known to predate
duck eggs.
SNH management of St Serf's
Concerns have been expressed by other parties regarding the SNH approach to
management of the large gull colony; the argument being that the gulls were
decimating the number of ducklings and also pushing out the black-headed gull
colony from their traditional nesting areas. In light of these concerns, a
review was conducted by SNH Reserve staff and SNH specialist ornithologists
during August 2006. Research findings and SNH count data for St Serf's and
national bird data were reviewed and it was concluded that there was not a
compelling case to re-establish a gull cull. The basis of this was:
• There is no significant downward trend in brood size or numbers of broods over
the last twenty years indicating no change in predation levels since gull
numbers started to increase on the loch. Removal of gulls might only result in
increased predation by herons, pike, brown trout, otters, and mink achieving the
same net impact. ...
gov.uk
(12) Gulls learn to exploit diving ducks for food
Gulls are one of the most intelligent and adaptable groups of birds, able to
exploit a wide variety of food resources and respond to new opportunities, as a
new study forthcoming in The Auk:
Ornithological Advances demonstrates.
The study reveals how Herring and Common gulls
have learned to follow diving ducks and take the bottom-dwelling mussels that
they bring to the surface — a food source that would otherwise be inaccessible
to them — on a brackish lagoon on the Germany-Poland border.
Ducks wintering on Szczecin Lagoon dive to the bottom to forage on zebra
mussels, bringing clumps of mussels to the surface and regularly losing
fragments in the process. To determine whether the gulls on the lagoon take
advantage of this or if their presence while the ducks are foraging is only a
coincidence, lead author Dominik Marchowski and his colleagues observed the
birds' behaviour between October 2013 and November 2014. The study focused on
three species of duck: Pochard [Tsiu:
look similar to redhead], Tufted
Duck and Greater
Scaup, recording the intensity of their feeding and whether gulls were
present. The team also collected gull pellets, from which they were able to
discern the birds' diet.
The study found that the more foraging ducks within a flock, the more likely
gulls were to be present. Gulls' behaviour toward the ducks fell into two
categories: either they picked up mussel fragments that the ducks lost
(a form of one-way symbiosis called commensalism), but also stole fragments from
the ducks directly (kleptoparasitism).
Being poor divers themselves, both methods allowed the gulls to gain access to
food that they wouldn't otherwise have been able to reach. Pellet analysis
confirmed that the diet of the gulls at the lagoon changes dramatically when the
ducks arrive for the winter, shifting from fish-dominated to mostly mussels.
Mr Marchowski commented: "Gulls were initially on the margins of our research.
Initially, their interaction with the ducks seemed obvious, but after analyzing
the available literature, it turned out that little is known about it.
"The marginal study became major, and we developed behavioural studies of birds
and an analysis of pellets to confirm the scale of the phenomenon. In our
opinion, these studies show that it's worth watching the seemingly obvious
behaviour of birds more closely, because they can hide interesting
interactions."
Reader comments:
- I have witnessed this sort of behaviour by Black-headed Gulls for many years
on local fishing lakes. Diving ducks such as Tufted Ducks are targeted by the
gulls as soon as they surface with food which may be freshwater mussels or
sometimes anglers' bait. Even Cormorants are occasionally harried by the gulls
when they come up with a fish.
- As Christopher says black-headed gulls often exploit food brought to the
surface by diving birds. A frequent sight at Blashford Lakes in Hampshire is a
coot diving with attendant gadwall and/or wigeon, which eat the left over weed,
but these are accompanied by tufted duck and black-headed gull that are
exploiting invertebrate food that is brought up with the weed. So one coot may
have five or six attendant birds, usually including a gull.
- This is certainly well-known behavior to anyone who watches what birds do.
I've seen a Grey Phalarope following a diving Coot about and picking out food
items brought to the surface and a Dabchick attending an up-ending Mute Swan to
catch items disturbed from the weed. In essence, this is what Cattle Egrets and
Grey Wagtails are doing when they use grazing mammals to flush prey or Robins,
which follow leaf-tossing Blackbirds or soil-turning gardeners.
- I've been watching Herring, Greater Black-backed and Lesser Black-backed gulls
for more years than I can remember preying on feeding Eiders on Holy Island,
Northumberland. Typically, they will sit on the water a few yards away and
pounce immediately an Eider surfaces. The Eiders are wise to this and very few
are caught out. This is a very common sight for many birders. No doubt
scientists will be re-investing the wheel any time now!
- Interestingly, I saw the same behaviour by Herring & B-H Gulls on Holy Island
in October. In this case, they preyed upon a flock of 14 Goosander. The
behaviour was exactly as Ian Kerr described. After about 15 mins, the Goosander
gave up and got out, at which point the Gulls flew off.
(13)
ATTACKS ON DIVING BIRDS BY BLACK-HEADED GULLS
[mirror]
1/22/2016 (Fri) - 1/24/2016 (Sun)
wait for the first major winter storm coming. Winter storm Jonas can be up to one foot snow.
And issued blizzard warning (BLIZZARD WARNING IN EFFECT FROM 4 AM SATURDAY TO NOON EST SUNDAY,
Northern Queens, New York).
* ACCUMULATIONS...SNOW ACCUMULATION OF 6 TO 11 INCHES.
* WINDS...NORTH 25 TO 35 MPH WITH GUSTS UP TO 50 MPH.
* TEMPERATURES...IN THE UPPER 20S TO LOW 30S.
* VISIBILITIES...ONE QUARTER MILE OR LESS AT TIMES.
* TIMING...SATURDAY MORNING THROUGH SUNDAY MORNING.
* IMPACTS...EXTREMELY DANGEROUS TRAVEL DUE TO HEAVY SNOWFALL AND
STRONG WINDS WITH WHITEOUT CONDITIONS LIKELY. SECONDARY AND
TERTIARY ROADS MAY BECOME IMPASSABLE. STRONG WINDS MAY DOWN
POWER LINES AND TREE LIMBS.
A BLIZZARD WARNING MEANS SEVERE WINTER WEATHER CONDITIONS ARE
EXPECTED OR OCCURRING. FALLING AND BLOWING SNOW WITH STRONG WINDS
AND POOR VISIBILITIES ARE LIKELY. THIS WILL LEAD TO WHITEOUT
CONDITIONS...MAKING TRAVEL EXTREMELY DANGEROUS. DO NOT TRAVEL. IF
YOU MUST TRAVEL...HAVE A WINTER SURVIVAL KIT WITH YOU. IF YOU GET
STRANDED...STAY WITH YOUR VEHICLE.
Updated: Jan 23 2:45AM (Northern Queens, New York)
A BAND OF HEAVY SNOW STRETCHING WEST TO EAST FROM CENTRAL NEW
JERSEY TO SOUTH OF LONG ISLAND WILL MAY ITS WAY INTO THE AREA OVER
THE NEXT 2 HOURS. SNOWFALL RATES OF 1 TO 2 INCHES PER HOUR ...
Will Winter Storm Jonas Rank Among the Biggest East Coast Snowstorms in Living Memory?
Winter Storm Jonas Rivals Biggest East Coast Snowstorms on Record (Jan 24 02:15 AM EST):
"All-time snowfall records have been set at Baltimore; Harrisburg, Pennsylvania; and JFK Airport in New York City.
Winter Storm Jonas is the first snowstorm on record to bring 2 feet or more of snow to both Baltimore and New York City. Parts of the greater Washington, D.C. area also saw over 2 feet of snow"
Here are the top snow and ice totals by state reported as of 2:14 a.m. Sunday,
with the highest snow totals listed first:
Mid-Atlantic and
Northeast (Friday-Saturday)
-
West Virginia: 40
inches of snow in Glengary, in the eastern panhandle of West Virginia.
-
Virginia: 39
inches in Philomont, about 25 miles northwest of Washington, D.C.
-
Maryland: 38
inches in Redhouse, in western Maryland. Redhouse is 150 miles west of
Baltimore.
-
New York: 30.5 inches
at JFK Airport in New York City.
-
Pennsylvania: 35.5 inches at Somerset, about 25 miles
southwest of Altoona.
-
New Jersey: 29.6
inches at Whitehouse, in Readington Township in the northern part of
the state.
Washington, D.C.
1) 28.0 inches (Jan. 27-29, 1922)
2) 20 inches (Feb. 12-14, 1899)
3) 19.4* inches
(Winter Storm Jonas)
4) 18.7 inches (Feb. 18-19, 1979)
5) 17.8 inches (Feb. 5-6, 2010)
*An earlier snowfall report of 21.4 inches
was retracted and it may be a while before the final snowfall total is
clarified.
Baltimore, Maryland
1) 29.2 inches
(Winter Storm Jonas)
2) 26.8 inches (Feb. 16-18, 2003)
3) 26.6 inches (Jan. 7-9, 1996)
4) 26.5 inches (Jan. 27-29, 1922)
5) 25 inches (Feb. 5-6, 2010)
New York City at Central Park
1) 26.9 inches (Feb. 11-12, 2006)
2) 26.8 inches
(Winter Storm Jonas)
Revised to 27.5 -
The new storm total of 27.5 inches now beats New York City's previous record
snowstorm of 26.9 inches Feb. 11-12, 2006. Weather records have been taken at
Central Park since 1869.
3) 25.8 inches (Dec. 26-27, 1947)
4) 20.9 inches (Feb. 25-26, 2010)
5) 20.5 inches (Jan. 7-9, 1996)
Weekend storm is second on list of five snowiest blizzards in NYC history — just short of the record
1. FEBRUARY 2006
New York City's biggest snowfall on record hit on Feb. 11, 2006, dumping 26.9
inches of powder on the city over two days.
2. JANUARY 2016
Forecasts predicting a crippling blizzard warned New Yorkers nearly a week in
advance before the storm finally dumped a record 26.8 inches of powder on New
York City.
3. DECEMBER 1947
The second(?) largest blizzard killed at least 77 people when it stuck on Dec.
26, 1947. The paralyzing storm lasted for two days and dropped 25.8 inches on
Central Park.
4. MARCH 1888
A four-day blizzard that hit late in the winter of 1888 threw the city into
chaos and killed more than 200 people in New York City. The March 11-14 storm
brought 21 inches of snow to the city ...
5. FEBRUARY 2010
A fierce “snowicane” ripped
through New York City on Feb. 25, 2010, bringing 20.9 inches of snow with it.
Jonas was the single biggest snowstorm on record for at least six locations in
the East:
-
Allentown,
Pennsylvania: 31.9
inches Jan. 22-23, 2016 crushed the Jan. 7-9, 1996 blizzard total of 25.9
inches.
-
Baltimore-Washington International Airport, Maryland (BWI): 29.2
inches Jan 22-23, 2016 beat the President's Day II storm of Feb. 16-18,
2003. Records date back to 1892.
-
Harrisburg,
Pennsylvania: 30.2
inches Jan. 22-23, 2016 tops
25 inches Feb. 11-12, 1983. Records date back to 1888.
-
New York -
LaGuardia Airport: 27.9
inches Jan. 23, 2016 beats the previous record snowstorm of 25.4 inches Feb.
11-12, 2006. Records date back to 1945.
-
New York - JFK
Airport: 30.5 inches
Jan. 23, 2016 beats the previous record snowstorm of 26 inches in
the President's Day II storm of Feb. 16-18, 2003.
-
Newark, New
Jersey: 27.9 inches Jan.
22-23, 2016 surpassed the Jan. 7-8, 1996 blizzard total of 27.8 inches.
Records date back to 1893.
1/16/2016 (Sat) am / pm after Dim Sum
Baisley Pond Park (wiki) /
Kissena Park
My 2nd Duck Day.
Baisley:
No Pied-billed Grebe is found. Other than the species last week, I see Herring
Gull, Red-tailed Hawk, Crow, Great Blue Heron, & Ring-necked Duck.
Fox Sparrow is also seen and taken pictures; which also seen at the same place (the locked Mother Carter Garden) last week.
It is not Hermit Thrush or Wood Thrush.
Photo:
Fox Sparrow - <1>
Herring Gull
Ring-billed Gull - <1>
<2>
Red-tailed Hawk
Great Blue Heron
Gadwall
Redhead - <1>
American Wigeon -
1-female
Info:
Fox Sparrow:
(1) Since they breed primarily in remote areas, many people see them in
winter when the birds move into backyard thickets.
allaboutbirds.org
1/9/2016 (Sat) am / pm
Baisley Pond Park (wiki) /
Kissena Park
My Duck Day -
Redheads, American Wigeons, Gadwall(s), Ruddy Ducks, Shovelers, Mallards & a white Domestic
Duck. American Black Duck?
Coots. Canada Geese. Mute Swans. Ring-billed Gulls.
Great Black-backed Gull (1). Downy or Hairy Woodpeckers (at least 3 times
including on the way to Dim Sum). Rock Doves, a lot of each which body
looks like a big ball.
Photo:
Redhead - <1>
American Wigeon -
Gadwall - <1> (with
a Coot) <2>
Shoveler -
Ruddy Duck -
Mallard x Am. Black Duck Hybrid -
<1>
<2>
<3>
Coot -
and-others-1
cropped-1
Info:
-
10000birds.com Feb 2015 - (next time, I should try to look for: Pied-billed Grebe, Herring Gull, Ring-necked Duck)
-
BAISLEY BOULEVARD and St. Alban's, Part 1
1/2/2016 (Sat) pm
Kissena Park
Shoveler (a pair).
1/1/2016 (Fri) am
Kissena (Corridor) Park
Robin, quite a lot; probably wintering here. Cardinal. White-crowned
(or -throated?) Sparrow.
Photo:
Starling - <1>