Video:
Video:
Black-throated Blue Warbler
Caterpillars normally become moths within months of hatching in most temperate climates, but in the Arctic the summer period for vegetative growth and hence feeding is so short, that the Woolly Bear feeds for several summers, freezing again each winter before finally pupating. Some are known to live through as many as 14 winters.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gynaephora_groenlandica
Gynaephora groenlandica (common name: Arctic Woolly Bear Moth) is a Lymantriid moth found within the Arctic circle, in Greenland and Canada.
It was once estimated that it had a 14 year life cycle from egg to adult moth, a unique life-cycle among the Lepidoptera with the ability to withstand temperatures below -60°C. The larvae degrade their mitochondria in preparation for overwintering and re-synthesize them in the spring, and each instar of the caterpillar takes about a year. Subsequent studies have revised the life-cycle duration to 7 years.[1]
Interestingly, the extreme winter temperatures are not as detrimental to Gynaephora caterpillars as are the parasitoids. The larvae are extremely freeze tolerant, able to survive temperatures down to -70°C. As temperatures decrease during the late arctic summer the larvae start synthesizing cryoprotective compounds, such as glycerol, in addition to some unusual ones, e.g. betaine. Accumulation of these "antifreezes“ is aided by bottle-necking of oxidative phosphorylation through mitochondrial degradation. The woolly-bears re-synthesize the mitochondria the following spring upon resumption of their activity.
(8) Frozen Caterpillar
http://dsc.discovery.com/tv-shows/frozen-planet/videos/caterpillar-survives-frozen-death.htm
http://dsc.discovery.com/show-news/arctic-caterpillar-sleeps-its-life-away-completely-frozen.html
Photo:
Rabbit -
<1>
(red-eye corrected); no flash:
<2>
<3>
Cat (feral), a Domestic Shorthair -
<1>
Northern Flicker
-
<1>
<2a>
<2b>
Mallard (flash) -
<1>
Mockingbird
-
<1>
Note:
(1) How a Baby
Bunny (black-and-white spotted rabbit?) Grows
(2) What Breed Is
My Bunny?
(3) Can rabbits live outside during the winter time? Yes,
they have good chance to survive. "even
a released pet bunny survive in the wild, we have 20 or more who have been
surviving and thriving our harsh Canadian winters."
yahoo answer
(4) American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals -
wiki |
Operation of the shelter system was transferred to Center
for Animal Care and Control in
1995.
(5)
DYING FOR HOMES: ANIMAL CARE AND CONTROL IN NEW YORK CITY (June
1997): New York City has a population of approximately 7.3 million
people and more than two million pets. ... When pets are abandoned or
lost, New York City's Center for Animal Care and Control (CACC) is responsible
for providing shelter. Approximately 63,000 dogs, cats and other animals
entered the CACC's shelter system in 1996--an average of more than 170 animals
per day. Few ever found a loving home again.
(6) The
Domestic Shorthair at
Kissena Park
looks nearly the same the adoptable male cat Bart posted on Metro (1/23/2013).
ASPCA
link (color: Cream/Wheaten
Tabby; 5 years old) BTW,
Domestic Shorthair is a common pet.
Photo: Note:
Video: Medium-sized black wasps with a relatively long petiole
("thread-waisted"), and usually with orange on the abdomen.
Podalonia are similar,
but typically have the bulbous part of the abdomen bent upward and
lying above the
distal end of the petiole; whereas in Ammophila the
abdomen is typically straight or
bent downward at
the distal end of the petiole. For illustrations, see figures
A and C here in Bohart &
Menke(3);
The Ammophila thread-waisted wasp is a long, black and red-orange wasp with a
thin waist, or pedicel, connecting its abdomen and thorax, and long hind legs.
Its body design resembles a
Sikorsky Skycrane helicopter , an adaptation having a practical purpose--
this solitary wasp is a caterpillar hunter, designed to carry loads of
caterpillars to feed its offspring. It looks similar to male Podalonia
cutworm wasps.
This solitary species of wasp prefers hairless caterpillars to feed its larva.
It stings its prey to paralyze it, so the food stays fresh but unable crawl
away. The wasp will fly its immobilized prey to a shallow ground nest, lay an
egg on it and cover the hole. The wasp may have several nest holes, and
remembering their locations, can return to re-open and provision them with more
food. Its offspring hatches, consumes its hosts for weeks before gorging and
killing them, and pupates underground before emerging in mid to late summer as a
lone adult.
Adult wasps feed on flower nectar. The
pictured wasp was roughly two inches long and was found feeding on the
nectar of rabbitbrush
flowers. It ranges throughout the United States and southern Canada,
preferring to inhabit open areas.
src
(7) Polistes wasps
and their social parasites: an overview (
mirror ) : Severe brood care
costs have favoured the evolution of cheaters that exploit the parental services
of conspecifics or even heterospecifics in both birds and social insects. In Polistes paper
wasps, three species have lost worker castes and are dependent on hosts to
produce their sexuals, while other species use hosts facultatively as an
alternative to caring for their own brood.
(8)
Apis mellifera capensis,
the Cape
honey bee -
In 1990 beekeepers transported
Cape honey bees into northern South Africa, where they don't occur naturally.
This has created a problem for the region's A.
m. scutellata populations. Reproducing
diploid females without fertilization bypasses the eusocial insect hierarchy; an
individual more related to her own offspring than to the offspring of the queen
will trade in her inclusive
fitness benefits
for individual fitness benefits of reproducing her own young. This
opens up the possibility of
social parasitism: if a female worker expressing the thelytokous phenotype from a Cape honey bee colony can enter a colony of A.
m. scutellata,
she can potentially take over that African bee colony. A
behavioral consequence of the thelytoky phenotype is queen pheromonal mimicry,
which means the parasitic workers can sneak their eggs in to be raised with
those from the African bees, and their eggs aren't policed by the African bee
workers because they're similar to the African bee queen's eggs. As
a result the parasitic A.
m. capensis workers
increase in number within a host colony, while numbers of the A.
m. scutellata workers
that perform foraging duties (A.
m. capensis workers
are greatly under-represented in the foraging force of an infected colony)
dwindle, owing to competition in egg laying between A.
m. capensis workers
and the queen, and to the eventual death of the queen. This causes the death of
the colony upon which the capensis females
depended, so they will then seek out a new host colony.
wiki (9)
Cuckoo bees quietly find their way into the hives of other bees and
arrange the rearing of their brood.
src
wiki (brood
parasites vs. social parasites) (10) Potter Wasp (Eumenes
fraternus) video found on Web with detailed description of potter wasps
(or mason wasps). (11)
Eumenes fraternus, a widespread eastern Eumenes: (12) Common Potter Wasp (Eumenes fraternus) vs.
other
Daubers, e.g.,
the mud wasp
抹泥蜂
Sceliphron
caementarium.
src (13)
Mud dauber 泥蜂 (sometimes
called "dirt dauber," "dirt digger," "dirt dobber," "dirt diver", or "mud wasp")
is a name commonly applied to a number of wasps from
either the family Sphecidae or Crabronidae that
build their nests from mud.
wiki
(14)
Online guide to Eastern North American Sphecidae: Includes
information on all the mud daubers and their look alikes
No wasp
or cicada
is seen.
Black Saddlebags dragonflies. Various butterflies.
Video:
Note: Gray Tree Frog
(Hyla versicolor) at Big John's Pond, August 15, 2009.
Wasp:
Photo:
Video:
Flower fly:
<1>
(with a green insect probably a
female
sweat bee but also
look like
Small Carpenter Bee)
Augochlora pura,
male, a metallic (green/coppery/gold)
sweat bee
-
<1>
<2a>
(I think it is the same one)
<2b>
bugguide id ; cf.
here
Fly: <1>
<2>
Painted Lady -
Common Buckeye -
Gossamer-wing butterfly (female Eastern Tailed-blue?) -
<1>
(cf.
8/12/2012)
Anglewing -
<1>
warbler -
unknown: <1>
unknown: <1>
unknown: <1>
Yellow-rumped Warbler:
<1a>
<1b>
<2>
Eastern Wood-Pewee
-
<1>
<2>
<3>
<4>
<5>
<6>
<7> (bug caught!)
<8> (orangish lower
mandible so look
more like Eastern Wood-Pewee)
<9>
<10>
<11>
<12>
<13>
Google+ album
(1)
Halictidae is
a cosmopolitan family
of the order Hymenoptera consisting
of small (> 4 mm) to midsize (> 8 mm) bees which
are usually dark-colored and often metallic in appearance. Several species are
all or partly green and a few are red; a number of them have yellow markings,
especially the males, which commonly possess yellow faces, a pattern widespread
among the various families of bees. They are commonly referred to as sweat
bees. wiki
wiki2
(2)
Sweat Bee - Augochlora
pura
:
The gold may be an artifact of sunlight or flash. I get the same effect with
blow flies. I think it's because the camera software doesn't expect the green
channel to be overexposed.
src
(3) Small Carpenter Bees (Ceratina):
http://bugguide.net/node/view/692252/bgimage
http://bugguide.net/node/view/655540/bgimage
http://bugguide.net/node/view/660454
They can be easily
separated from halictids by the mouthparts (with a long glossa) and the
hindwings (with a tiny jugal lobe).
(4)
SmallCarpenterBee_SweatBee.htm
9/29/2012 (Sat)
afternoon
(about 3:30-5:30pm)
Kissena Corridor &
Kissena Park
camera: GH2 + 100-300mm
Many birds of various species at
Kissena Corridor
Park: Northern Flickers, American Goldfinches, Ring-necked Pheasant,
yellow-color warbler on ground, juvenile Mourning Dove, etc. Flower fly (食蚜蠅).
Photo:
Flower fly:
<1>
9/22/2012 (Sat)
morning
Kissena Corridor
camera: GH2 + 100-300mm
Yellow butterfly,
many Common Buckeyes and other butterflies. Wasps (Thread-waisted
Wasp with caterpillar
prey and one black-with-white-bands wasp digging many burrows). Grasshoppers.
Hawk flying over, from overhead, its lower is all yellow; possibly Red-tailed
Hawk. (cf. this video)
Note: after dim sum, we went to Kissena Park without camera. Saw 2
flying ducks with white end; body color mainly black & white, according to our
very quick observation. Are Mallards or something else (Shoveler?)?
Met the beautiful black-and-white feral rabbit today?
Photo:
Yellow butterfly (Orange Sulphur?) -
macro <1>
Common Buckeye -
under
wing 1
upper
wing 1 (all 8 spots!)
upper
wing 2 (didn't got all 8 spots)
upper
wing 3 (the smaller one of the 2 spots is now seen)
Skipper -
<1>
(Sometimes
mistaken for moths, their clubbed antennae help identify it as a butterfly.
src)
Wasp -
Ammophila pictipennis (Thread-waisted Wasp,
北美线程细腰蜂), carrying
its caterpillar prey - <1>
bugguide id
(not
procera; cf., an old world species:
Red Banded Sand Wasp,
Ammophila bulosa)
wiki
bugguide.net
Potter Wasp (Eumenes
fraternus), a
black-with-white-bands wasp, female - <1> bugguide id
Grasshopper -
<3> male
Red-legged Grasshopper (Melanoplus
fermurrubrum)?
Thread-waisted Wasp
Note:
(1) Among solitary wasps, two subfamilies in two families are particularly
fond of insect larvae as food for their young: Ammophilinae (Sphecidae)
& Eumeninae (Vespidae).
(2) Genus Ammophila -
(3)
Ammophila pictipennis -
Orange and black wings are distinctive within this genus.
(4)
Thread-waisted Wasp life
cycle : straddling the larva and dragging it to her nest, which may be
hundreds of feet away. One instance of more than 65 yards (60 m)
was described by Crompton (1955) in which the wasp had to drag her prey around
hedges, down a street, then a pathway, under a gate, then through flowers and
cross a lawn to get home again.
Bees, Wasps, and Ants: The Indispensable Role of Hymenoptera in Gardens
baidu
(5)
细腰蜂 - 又名似我蜂,蜾蠃 .
我国境内较常见,遍布黄河长江流域,此外各大洲都有细腰蜂,也常见细腰蜂亚种,喜独栖,一般长2.5厘米以上。因其腹部前端呈杆状,故名细腰蜂。
正在产卵的细腰蜂捕捉昆虫和蜘蛛时,先用针螫,再用钳状上腭揉揑其颈部使之麻痹,将之封入泥室,并在其体内产一卵。
泥蜂族多为黑色,腹部有部分橙色或黄色,在洞穴中筑巢,为幼虫贮备毛虫。
抹泥蜂族(Sceliphronini)通常黑色,具黄斑,足黄色;常在屋檐或天花板角处把几个泥室筑在一起,贮备已麻痹的蜘蛛。
足泥蜂族(Podiini)则在泥室内贮备蜚蠊。
黄泥蜂族(Chlorionini)在地下筑巢,为幼虫准备的是蝗虫和蟋蟀。
细腰蜂的中国含义
细腰蜂的书名叫蜾蠃。蜾蠃主要捕食稻螟蛉、玉米螟、棉红蛉等多种鳞翅目昆虫的幼虫。
细腰蜂的腹部未端有带毒的螯针和产卵器,繁殖后代时,先用螯针把螟蛉幼虫刺晕,再把产卵器刺入螟蛉体内产卵,再把螟蛉拖进竹筒里,卵孵化出来的幼虫,即以螟蛉为食,而后化蛹长成蜾蠃。这一现象,古人误认为蜾蠃不会产子,是喂养螟蛉作儿女。
三千年前古人认为蜾蠃捕捉螟虫是把它当孩子来喂养,《诗经·小雅·小宛》载“螟蛉有子,蜾蠃负之”,似乎还有点谴责蜾蠃夺人之子的意思。蜾蠃(Rhynchium
bruneum)胡蜂科昆虫,以抓螟蛾幼虫来饲养自己的幼虫,可不是当什么“义子”。[
最先反对上面说法的是六朝时的陶弘景,他在注《本草》“惺斡一名土蜂”条下说:“(惺斡)虽名土蜂,不就土中作案,谓摙土作房尔。今一种黑色细腰,衔泥于壁及器物边作房,生子如粟置其中;乃捕草上青蜘蛛十余置其中,仍塞口,以俟其子大而为粮也。其一种入芦竹管中,亦取草上青虫。一名果蠃,《诗》云:‘螟蛉有子,果蠃负之。’或言细腰蜂无雌,皆取青虫教祝,变成己子,斯为谬矣。”
]
细腰蜂的常见亚种
A.
北美线程细腰蜂是一个瘦腰,或花梗长,黑,红桔小蜂,其腹部和胸部连接,长的后腿。它的身体类似于 西科斯基 Skycrane 直升机 (Sikorsky
Skycrane helicopter),有一个适应实际目的-这是毛毛虫蠃猎人,设计携带载荷的毛毛虫养活它的后代。
北美线程细腰蜂喜欢这种孤独无毛毛虫种饲料的幼虫。它刺猎物瘫痪,所以食物无法保持新鲜,但慢慢爬开。北美线程细腰蜂将悬挂其固定地面猎物浅窝,奠定鸡蛋和覆盖其上的洞。黄蜂可能有几个营巢,并记住它们的位置,可以返回他们与更多的粮食来重新开放和规定。它的后代舱口,几个星期前,狼吞虎咽消耗和杀害他们的主机,并pupates中旬之前,作为新兴的一个孤独的成年人夏末地下。成年蜂花的花蜜饲料。
成年北美线程细腰蜂大约两英寸长,喜欢呆在有花蜜的鲜花里面。它的范围遍及美国和加拿大南部,宁愿居住在空旷地方。 (Eng
src)
B.
红脚细腰蜂 (Sphex sp.) 别名:赤翅蜂. 细腰蜂科/膜翅目 外观特征:
体长约28mm。本属的细腰蜂成员,胸部、腹部间有一段极细的腰身;雌虫大颚远较雄虫发达。本种特征为各脚腿节、胫节为红褐色,胸腹间有段极细的腰身,因此得名.其特徵为各脚节为红褐色.
生态习性: 雄虫夏季会在砂质繁殖地上空成群低飞,寻找刚羽化出洞的雌虫交尾。而雌虫则在砂质地上挖掘洞穴,并且捉捕螽斯入洞做为幼虫的食物。
src
(6)
Eumenine wasps are diverse in nest building. The different species may either
use pre-existing cavities (such as beetle tunnels in wood, abandoned nests of
other hymenoptera or even man-made holes like old nail holes and even screw
shafts on electronic devices) that they modify in several degrees, or they
construct their own either underground or exposed nests. The nest may have one
to multiple individual brood cells. The most widely-used building material is
mud made of a mixture of earth and regurgitated water, but many species use
chewed plant material instead.
The name "potter wasp" derives from the shape of the mud nests built by species
of Eumenes and similar genera. It is believed that Native Americans based their
pottery designs upon the form of local potter wasp nests. [von Frisch, 1974].
( 用土築造壺形之巢于樹枝或璧上的泥蜂)
9/15/2012 (Sat) 7:30-11am
JBWR
camera: GH2 + 100-300mm
Solitary Sandpipers (2). Migrating warblers (many Redstarts, Waterthrushes, probably
Black-throated Green Warbler). A large red bird (Oriole? Scarlet Tanager?)
Redstart - <1>
Waterthrush
Solitary Sandpiper
Black Saddlebags - <1>
<2>
<3>
(macro)
Common Buckeye
female Common Yellowthroat, Big John's Pond
Black Saddlebags
8/24/2012 (Fri)
to 9/9/2012 (Sun)
Netherlands, UK, Scotland, Norway, Denmark -
14 day itinerary
camera: GH2
Two
species of the family found in Great
Britain: Phalacrocorax
carbo (now referred to by
ornithologists as the Great
Cormorant) and P.
aristotelis (the European
Shag). wiki
The Hooded
Crow (Corvus
cornix)
(sometimes called Hoodiecrow)
-
C. c. cornix,
the nominate race, occurs in the British Isles (principally Scotland and
Ireland) and Europe, south to Corsica.
The Carrion
Crow (Corvus
corone) is native to western Europe (including
Netherlands) and eastern Asia.
The Eurasian
Magpie, European
Magpie, or Common
Magpie, (Pica
pica), is a resident breeding bird throughout Europe,
much of Asia and
northwest Africa.
Great Crested Grebe (Skäggdopping) - found on Web :
pic1
pic2 (mating display)
Coot (Sothöns)
Moorhen
Greater White-fronted Goose (Bläsgås -
Anser albifrons) Barnacle Goose
Greylag Goose or Pink-footed Goose
Golden Eye ?
Eurasian Siskin ?
id
guide
more found on Web: 1
(Scandinavia)
Photo:
Great Crested Grebe (Skäggdopping) :
Rotterdam -
<1>
Egyptian Goose (Alopochen aegyptiacus) [found
in Web]
Rotterdam -
<1>
<2>
Amsterdam (9/8) -
<1>
(family: 1 or 2 parent(s) with immatures)
Greylag Goose :
Oslo, Norway -
<1>
Barnacle Goose :
Oslo, Norway -
<1>
Hooded Crow :
Alesund, Norway (9/1) -
<1>
<2>
European Magpie -
<1>
Great Black-backed Gull
Gull
:
leaving Rotterdam -
<1>
Inverness, the fearless -
<1>
Common Moorhen :
Oslo, Norway -
2 juveniles at Vigeland Sculpture Park.
Eurasian Siskin, possibly :
Geiranger, Norway (8/31) -
Unknown shorebird > 100, staying from 8am/9am to afternoon at
Invergordon Port -
<1>
<2> cropped:
<3>
<4>
Euroasian Oystercatcher (a.k.a. Common
Pied Oystercatcher; no other oystercatcher occurs within the area;
wiki) :
Invergordon (8/28) - <1>
<2>
<3> (OIF)
Ruddy Turnstone
(simply called Turnstone in UK):
Invergordon (8/28) - <1>
<2>
<3>
Common
Wood Pigeon (Columba
palumbus):
Rotterdam (8/24 Fri) - <1>
Black
Guillemot (Cepphus grylle):
Lerwick (8/29) - 2 immature
Northern Fulmar (Fulmarus
glacialis):
Lerwick (8/29) -
1280201.fulmar.JPG
Sparrow :
Geiranger, Norway (8/31) -
tongue
(possibly a first year)
tongue
(zoom)
White
Wagtail :
Geiranger, Norway (8/31) - <1>
Skjolden, Norway (9/2) - <1>
<2>
Moth (or Skipper butterfly?) on ship from Rotterdam to S. Queensferry (Edinburgh) before dawn,
Monday: <1>
red dragonfly at
Christiania(是一個自我宣稱自治的小區域,實行無政府主義的公社),
Copenhagen, Denmark (9/6): sun-bathing -
<1> (Sympetrum?)
fly (flower fly?) on ship arriving at Rotterdam (9/8)
-
<1a>
<1b>
<1c>
Google+ album:
1
(Picasa
link)
mirror
遊輪踏破曉 白浪送紫霞
fjord at Geiranger, Norway (Picasa
link)
Denmark Copenhagen panorama (port
at
Langeliniekaj, stop #5 of the Sightseeing Hop-on-hop-off bus)
9/8 arrived at Rotterdam
Video:
Common Wood Pigeon : Rotterdam (8/24 Fri)
12-19.MTS
Note:
(1) google: grebe rotterdam
(2) In Norway,
the number of greylag geese is estimated to have increased three- to fivefold
during the last 15–20 years. As a consequence, farmers' problems caused by goose
grazing on farmland has increased considerably. This problem is also evident for
the pink-footed
goose. wiki
(3) Barnacle Goose increases in the Oslo area. Most probably, the
population here origins from the release of birds many years ago. It breeds both
on islands and in the eutrophic lakes.
src
(4) Eutrophic
lakes:
Having waters rich in mineral and organic nutrients that promote a proliferation
of plant life, especially algae, which reduces the dissolved oxygen content and
often causes the extinction of other organisms.
(5) Great Black-backed Gull: Increasing along the coast of Oslo and Akershus. The
increase of this species might be one reason for the reduction of smaller gulls
and terns. src
(6)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_birds_of_the_Netherlands
(7)
The Egyptian
Goose (Alopochen
aegyptiacus) swims
well, and in flight looks heavy, more like a goose than a duck, hence the
English name. It is in the shelduck subfamily Tadorninae.
It has been introduced: Great
Britain, the Netherlands and
Germany have self-sustaining feral populations.
The sexes of this striking species are identical in plumage, though the males
average slightly larger. There is a fair amount of variation in plumage tone,
with some birds greyer and others browner, but this is not sex or age related. A
large part of the wings of mature birds is white, but in repose the white is
hidden by the wing coverts. When it is aroused, either in alarm or aggression,
the white begins to show. In flight or when the wings are fully spread in
aggression the white is conspicuous.
wiki
(8) Ruddy Shelduck/Egyptian Goose Hybrid in UK -
src
mirror
(9)
http://www.scribd.com/doc/47531600/Hume-Bob-RSPB-Complete-Birds-of-Britain-and-Europe-2002
(10)
Why
are crows black? Not all species of crows are completely black.
Some have white markings, and each species' markings are distinctive and easily
recognizable. My suspicion is that the pure black plumage of the crow may be a
result not only of natural selection for a color that is easily recognizable by
members of the same species, but also possibly to some degree of genetic drift.
It's also possible that some degree of two-way sexual selection has been
involved, with both male and female birds preferring to mate with individuals
who have pure black plumage. This is something probably carried over from their
ancestral past.
(11)
The three Western European Columba pigeons,
Common Wood Pigeon, Stock
Dove,
and Rock
Pigeon,
though superficially alike, have very distinctive characteristics; the Common
Wood Pigeon may be identified at once by its larger size at 38–44.5 cm (15–17.5
in) and 300–615 g (11–21.7 oz), and the white on its neck and wing. It
is otherwise a basically grey bird, with a pinkish breast.
wiki
(12)
Birding in Shetland Islands
8/18/2012 (Sat) 11am-2pm
JBWR (West side only)
camera: GH2 + 100-300mm
Sand Wasps
(Bicyrtes
quadrifasciatus).
female
Eastern Cicada Killer Wasp
digging with a dead cicada beside.
probably Blue Mud Wasp ( Chalybion californicum ) or "Steel-Blue
Cricket Hunter", (or "Blue Mud Dauber"), Chlorion
aerarium
; not Great Black Wasp (Sphex
pensylvanicus).
2
large red-and-yellow caterpillars with black head.
Bumble Bee
Wasps
Sand Wasp -
<1>
Steel-Blue Cricket Hunter
or
Blue Mud Wasp
-
<1>
Painted Lady (Vanessa
cardui)
Butterfly -
1 with a wasp
<2>
Datana - red-and-yellow-striped caterpillar with black head
-
<1>
bugguide.net
:
looks like the plant might be Winged Sumac. If so, this is likely an early
instar Datana perspicua
Info
Cicada -
side-1a (JPG
processed by Helicon only)
side-1b (JPG
processed by SilkyPix then Helicon)
<2>
Chipmunk
-
<1>
Painted Lady
with bee
Note:
(1a) "some American Lady
butterflies were flying and I noticed some were noticeably smaller than others.
This week a friend showed me a Monarch chrysalis which also was much smaller
than usual. Is this because of" ...
(1b) It's pretty common in field observation to see that, after dry /
unsupportive larval weather bouts, adults can come out small in some species.
I've long suspected that there may be instar-skipping in some butterflies (esp.
during droughts and cool autumns) as well as simply underweight caterpillars ...
src
(2) Molting is a major ordeal for the [Monarch] caterpillar. It typically
seeks a place of solitude, where it hopes to remain undisturbed while waiting
for the new skin to finish forming within. It spins a thin mat of silk into
which it digs its rear prolegs so that the skin will remain attached to the
surface as the caterpillar wriggles free. Immediately after molting, the
caterpillar's head and legs are pale in color, and the old head covering remains
attached to the caterpillar's face ...
src
(3)
Painted Lady - useful info
Just before leaving, seeing a pheasant (環頸雉)
and because I got too close, it run for
life and then flied away high over 10 feet into bushes. Not many cicada. Many small butterflies in
Corridor Park.
Swarm
of wasps. One with yellow face is probably a male
Polistes
dominula,
hanging around the steel fence (for baseball) and doing nothing. I think
it is not the mating season yet. (read
PAPER WASP SWARMING AROUND STRUCTURES)
Photo:
Honey Bee -
<1>
Carpenter Bee or Bumble Bee
Wasps
European Paper
Wasp (Polistes
dominula)
-
male:
<1>
<2>
<3>
(note green eyes of the drone) (P1260185.JPG to 200)
female:
<1>
<2> (note less yellow on face &
darker eyes than drones)
?
the common
wasp (Vespula
vulgaris)
-
But
a 2010 study argues that the North American populations are a separate species, Vespula
alascensis. -
<1> (note black antenna)
Grasshopper
-
<1>
butterflies -
Skipper, orange
so probably Grass-Skipper (a true SOS - small orange skipper) -
<1>
(look
similar
to
Orange Skipperling (Copaeodes aurantiaca)
but
range not matched; NE only has Arctic
Skipperling.)
Common Sootywing,
a Spread-winged
Skipper -
pic
on Web - 1
look similar to a Four-spotted Skipperling (Piruna
polingii)
but
probably
not
because still some difference in appearance & range not matched;
Piruna polingii; Or Cloudywing or Duskywing (both are Spread-winged) - LBJ, little brown job Because of the white face, look similar to Thorybes bathyllus Southern Cloudywing but still some difference in appearance Southern Cloudywing 1 Confused Cloudywing (Thorybes confusis) checklists |
Video:
butterfly -
Eastern
Tailed-blue (The first one is female. The 2nd one is male with blue
upperside.)
Note:
(1)
The Eastern
Tailed-blue or Eastern
Tailed Blue (Cupido
comyntas),
also known as Everes
comyntas,
is a common butterfly of
eastern North
America.
Males are generally blue on the upperside of their wings while females are
lighter blue to brown or charcoal in coloring, but there are also varieties of
purple and pink found in both sexes. The
underside coloration ranges from bluish-white to tan. There are two or three
(outermost one often faint) black to orange chevron-shaped spots on the rear of
the hind wings and a trailing tail off the innermost of the spots. The butterfly
is 21 to 29 mm (0.83 to 1.1 in) wide with wings outstretched and slightly
shorter in length.
wiki
(2) 'King of Wasps'
found in Indonesia: Two-and-a-half inch monster has jaws longer than its legs -
Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2119343/King-Wasps-Indonesia-Two-half-inch-monster-jaws-longer-legs.html#ixzz23g0fDeos
(3)
Spread-winged Trio: Common Sootywing - Pholisora
catullus, Common Checkered-Skipper - Pyrgus
communis, Hayhurst's Scallopwing - Staphylus
hayhurstii src
Skippers of
the Northeast
(4)
Spread-wing Skippers in Wisconsin
(5) Q: Do you know the purpose of green eyes on certain species of wasps?
A: I really don't know why they have green eyes, but only the males seem to have
them, so its some kind of signal, maybe?
drone of Polistes
dominula with green eyes
(6)
Polistes exclamans
: "What's the difference
between the red and black eyes?"
"Black eyes are wasps that just
hatched. the eyes take maybe a week to turn to normal color."
"All Polistes have darker eyes
when they first hatch."
src
(7)
"I know that all Vespines
(yellowjackets) have black eyes. It seems that Polistes males at least dominula
have green eyes while the females eyes are darker brown or black. I just
know they are a darker color than the males."
src
(8) Summer Tanager
specializes in eating bees and wasps, both in the summer and on its wintering
grounds in Central and South America. ... It usually catches a bee in flight and
then kills it by beating it against a branch. Before eating the bee, the tanager
removes the stinger by rubbing it on a branch. The tanager eats bee and wasp
larvae too. It first catches the adult insects and then perches near the nest to
tear it open and get the grubs.
src
My Cicada Day! Sand Wasps with preys (immature stinkbugs).
I saw two of them, each carrying the immature stinkbug into burrow and then
closed it near my feet. A black wasp, possibly Buprestid
Hunter, Cerceris fumipennis
(video found on Web)
wiki
Blue Dasher, male.
Photo:
Glossy Ibis
-
<1>
<2>
<3>
<4>
juvenile Night Heron -
<1>
Sand Wasp (Bicyrtes
quadrifasciatus)
-
<1a>
<1b>
<2>
(P1250542.JPG
to 7) with 5th (final) instar
nymph of Green Stink Bug (Acrosternum
hilare)
black wasp
-
<1>
Cicada
-
back-1
back-2
back-3
side-1
back-4
back-5
damselfly A - possibly Dancer, female.
damselfly B -
<1> (probably
Familiar Bluet, female)
Note:
(1)
info
about Green Stink Bug nymph
Walk all the way from South Flats to north of Long Shore, near North Point/North
Island, passing Peep Island and The Raunt.
Cicada orchestra everywhere. Gadwalls.
Forget to reset ISO. So make all are ISO 800. A failure!
Photo:
Big John: Spotted Sandpiper (both am & pm); Kingfisher (early morning);
Don's trip: Greater and Lesser Yellowlegs; female Red-breasted Merganser;
Gadwall. A non-typical Mourning Dove or Hybrid? Barn Owl
is still here. Barn Swallows.
Moth & Grass-Skipper butterfly were seen and are easier to be found in early
morning. Saw Cicada finally. Next is to take a good picture of it.
Photo:
Moth -
<1>
(using
Raynox DCR-250)
Grass-Skipper -
<1>
(not a
Tawny-edged
Skipper)
Bee
-
Brown-belted Bumble Bee, male (not female worker):
<1>
(bugguide link)
Giant Resin Bee ( Megachile sculpturalis
) Small Carpenter Bee :
<2> (bugguide link)
Spotted Sandpiper -
<1>
Least Sandpiper -
<1>
Yellow warbler, female -
<1>
Mourning Dove, non-typical -
<1>
By the time the cicada-killer wasps emerge from the ground in July and seek out Tibicen species, the Brood X Magicicada will be gone, not to be heard from again for 17 years.
"Besides, there is no point in trying to control the cicadas. They emerge in such numbers that they are effectively beyond control, because predator populations cannot increase rapidly enough to control them," Holliday said.
Biologists believe that the periodic and mass emergence of Magicicada is a survival strategy: Their sheer numbers overwhelm predators, ensuring that at least some survive. And the years-long lag between emergences mean no predator can depend on their annual availability.
But the lack of a viable predator control of the periodical cicadas doesn't mean the periodical cicadas have no predators, or no effect on their predators' lives.
"Everything—birds, rodents, small mammals, even snakes, lizards, and fish will feed heavily on cicadas when they are out," said Keith Clay, a biologist and periodical-cicada expert at Indiana University in Bloomington.
"Particularly predators that might feed on other things but stop what they are doing and feed on cicadas," Clay said. "That could have any number of effects, both positive and negative."The giant resin bee is one of the largest members of the leafcutting bee family, Megachilidae. It’s called “giant” because, at sizes of from one-half inch to almost one inch, it is conspicuously larger than other leafcutting bees. The “resin” in the name comes from the bee’s habit of collecting plant resin to seal the cells in which it lays its eggs. The giant resin bee also uses plant sap and mud when making the cells.
The body of the giant resin bee is mainly black with dense yellowish hairs covering the thorax. Although the giant resin bees vary considerably in size, they are longer and more cylindrical than the carpenter bee (Xylocopa virginica L.).
The females are usually much larger—about 1.25 times—than the males. Female giant resin bees have a pointed abdomen (photo, below left), whereas the abdomen in the males is truncated (photo, below right).
|
|
Somebody saw Variegated Fritillary butterfly. At the blind pond, both sexes of American Goldfinch.
Photo:
American
Goldfinch (female)
-
<1>
Large milkweed bug
(Oncopeltus
fasciatus) -
<1>
female Eastern Cicada Killer Wasp -
<1> (Her
hind legs are equipped with special spines that help her push the dirt behind
her.) (next to her is a flying small bug, flower fly?)
<1b> (cropped from OOC,
out of camrea, JPG, unprocessed)
Video:
Sand Wasp (Bicyrtes
quadrifasciatus)
- Part 1
Part 2
Notes of
Sand Wasp (Bicyrtes
quadrifasciatus)
:
(1) It is a typical "raker": use its
front legs to rake loose soil backward beneath its body. And a small mound is
formed during raking. But after the entrance is closed, no conspicuous soil is
accumulated.
(2)
The wasp is a type of "sand wasp" that preys on true bugs in the order Hemiptera,
suborder Heteroptera. Each female wasp digs a burrow in sand, and stocks the
cell at the end of the tunnel with paralyzed true bugs that will serve as food
for a single larval offspring. Turns out that the Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (Halyomorpha
halys) has become a favorite target of the wasp, which hunts the immature
stages of the pest.
src
more
(3) So it digs single-celled nest.
(4) Two Elm Seed Bugs are seen in
this undated handout photo provided by the Idaho State Department of
Agriculture. A federal official said the invasive insect commonly found in
south-central Europe has been detected in southwestern Idaho, marking the first
time the elm seed bug has been spotted in the U.S.
src
Photo:
House Finch -
Clapper Rail -
<1>
<2>
chick-1
Yellow-crowned Night Heron -
<1>
<2>
<3>
juvenile Night Heron -
take off:
<1>
<2>
butterflies :
Question Mark -
Eastern Tiger Swallowtail with broken wing -
Monarch -
yellow butterfly
-
wasps :
paper
wasps at nest -
<1>
(probably
Polistes exclamans)
cf.
here
more
worker (female) Vespula germanica,
the German wasp, one of
European
yellow jackets, black
and yellow
- <1>
(not
the common
wasp, Vespula
vulgaris)
wiki
picture
bugguide_id [cf.
11/26/2011]
It is very similar to the common wasp (Vespula
vulgaris),
but seen head on, its face has three tiny black dots. German wasps also have
black dots on their abdomen, while the common wasp's analogous markings are
fused with the black rings above them, forming a different pattern.
Eastern Cicada Killer Wasp, probably,
at Kissena
-
<1>
(to P1240340.JPG,
P1240348.JPG)
Great Black Wasp (Sphex
pensylvanicus) at Kissena
-
<1>
(to P1240363.JPG)
<2a>
<2b> (unedited)
bugguide_id
bees :
Carpenter Bee - <1>
Bumble Bee -
<1> (not
a Brown-belted Bumble Bee?)
damselflies :
dragonflies :
Seaside Dragonlet -
female-1
male-1 ( saw
a male at
7/24/2010 )
male-2
male-3
female-2a (Thorax's orange stripes
darken with age)
female-2b
(edited)
male+female1
male+female2
Note:
(1) Seaside Dragonlet (Erythrodiplax berenice) -
NJ info
(2)
Great Black Wasp (Sphex pensylvanicus)
- wasps.htm
(3) Clapper Rail
http://birds.audubon.org/species/clarai
Along North America's Atlantic and Gulf coasts, the Clapper Rail is a permanent resident from about New Jersey southward into Tamaulipas, Mexico, including the islands of the western Caribbean. ... A small population of migratory Clapper Rails extends from northern New Jersey into southern New England.
Of the approximately 21 recognized subspecies of Clapper Rail, the 3 that are Endangered are in the West.
Reproduction
Males are territorial year round but are most aggressive during the breeding
season and will chase off any other vocalizing male. The pairs form monogamous
bonds that appear to last for the season. The male calls the female with a
series of "keks," that sound like stones being tapped together. He courts her
with exaggerated postures that feature the flash of his white under tail
coverts. Using course marsh plants, the pair raises a platform from just a few
inches to 5 feet above the water or ground. Set among thick marsh vegetation,
the nest may have a cover and an access ramp. Several other mounds are
constructed as roost sites for the chicks.
5-8 whitish eggs, splotched with shades of brown, are incubated by the pair for
about 20 days. Covered in black down, the chicks are soon (about 1 day) able to
walk and swim, but need warmth from the adults. When threatened, they may hide
or be carried to safety by an adult. In about a week, the adults split the brood
and care for their own portion, until the young reach independence at about 6
weeks old. The pair may raise a second brood.
Migration
Only the Atlantic population from New England south into the mid-coast of North
Carolina makes a traditional migration. Spring migrants probably move in March
and April, but the precise schedule and their routes have not been determined.
Fall migrants begin to depart in late summer and continue to move well into
November. Rails breeding farther north migrate earlier. Migration occurs at
night and probably at low altitudes.
Five days after the
cull of Canada Geese introduced by Senator Gillibrand ("Killerbrand"),
I visited there with heavy attack from mosquitoes.
No cicada was observed. Only a few seconds of
their song was heard, which was also heard on Friday
morning at home.
Swarm of sand wasps. Or flies mimic wasps?
Looks like one of the wasps that burrows in sand, packing chambers with eggs and
paralyzed insects. (
bugguide.net )
Common name:
Cicada killer wasps (or Eastern Cicada Killer Wasp)
Scientific name:
Sphecius
speciosus
Also known as: giant cicada killer, sand hornet
Size: 1-1/8 to 1-5/8 inches long
Commonly confused with: European hornet
Life cycle: Cicada killers are solitary wasps. Males emerge from pupal cases in mid-July to early August, a few weeks before the females. The males tunnel out of the ground, leaving telltale holes, and select a territory that they actively defend. Females mate soon after emerging, and then begin digging burrows in the ground using their mandibles and legs. The burrows can be several feet deep with numerous branches. Once construction is complete, the female searches in trees and shrubs. Upon capturing a cicada, the female stings it injecting venom. Then, she carries the cicada back to the burrow, where she lays an egg on its living, but paralyzed body. Within two weeks, the egg hatches into a larva, eats the cicada, and develops into a pre-pupa, the stage at which it will spend the winter. Cicada killers are active in late summer, the same time that cicadas are present. By September, most adults have died.
http://www.masterbeekeeper.org/stinging/cicadakiller.htm
(9)
Sand wasps (Genus Bicyrtes):
Provision nests with true bugs, esp. Pentatomidae,
also Coreidae),
and sometimes Reduviidae;
the nest is "mass-provisioned", i.e., stocked just once, then closed (1)(5)(6)
src
(10) Video found:
Bicyrtes quadrifasciatus (Sand Wasp) swarm of males, females at burrows with mature and
immature stinkbugs and cleptoparasitic flies laying maggots on the wasp's prey
(10b)
Video found:
Cicada Killer - Sphecius speciosus
(11)
Bicyrtes
quadrifasciatus
is a solitary Sand Wasp in the subfamily, Bembicinae.
It hunts nymphs of stink bugs and leaf-footed bugs and, occasionally, assassin
bugs. It digs tunnels in sandy soil and stores bugs in a chamber for the
offspring. The nest is provisioned with several bug nymphs. The female lays an
egg on one of the nymphs and then closes the nest with sand.
src
(12)
A review of the genus Bicyrtes
mirror
(13)
A cicada killer wasp
digging for the cicada and her eggs.
(14)
Eastern Cicada Killer Wasp:
The females are somewhat larger than the males, and both are among the largest
wasps seen in the Eastern United States.
Adults feed on flower nectar and other plant sap exudates.
wiki
(15)
The cicada is placed in a dead-end chamber of
the burrow; the female Cicada Killer then lays a single egg (sometimes two) on the still
paralyzed but very much alive cicada, and seals up the chamber. When the egg
hatches, the larva gnaws through the exoskeleton of the cicada and feeds on its
internal organs, saving the nervous system for last so as to maximize the length
of time that the cicada remains alive.
src
(16) Male eggs are laid on a single cicada but female eggs are given two or sometimes three cicadas; this is because the female wasp is twice as large as the male and must have more food. wiki
Photo:
Black Skimmer - <1>
<2>
flight in duet
a couple (larger male with
smaller female)
foraging in duet
more: P1230001.JPG to 31.JPG/RW2
Oystercatcher - <1a>
<1b> (use
Silkypix 3.1.4.3 to process OOC jpg)
-
<2> (immature)
alert call (yelling to
me for getting too close to the young) more:
P1220500.JPG to 8.JPG
Piping Plover - <1>
<2>
<3>
<4>
<5>
<6>
<7>
- with
a tern
running to
me
- juveniles?
:
with
parent more
(unedited):
P1220540.JPG to 52.JPG
Least Tern - 1 incubating egg
<2>
<3>
4 incubating egg
Common Tern
- in flight -
- baby -
- others
- <1>
<2>
<3>
<4a>
<4b>
<5>
Grackle
Gull
Mockingbird
unknown insect - <1>
(mating?
食蟲虻 and prey?)
butterfly (Black
Swallowtail or other "Black" Swallowtails) - <1a>
<1b>
<1c> (unedited)
<2>
Note:
(1)
Oceanside_Rockaway_Breezy.doc
(2) Oystercatcher:
Shorebirds of North America, Europe, and Asia: A Guide to Field Identification
(Princeton Field Guides) says the pale fringe of feathers on the head and
neck mean they are "fresh" juveniles.
src
(3) Masked
Lapwing video found on YouTube
- cranky parent protects its eggs.
(4) Masked
Lapwings are shy and harmless in summer and autumn but are best known for their
bold nesting habits, being quite prepared to make a nest on almost any stretch
of open ground, including suburban parks and gardens, school ovals, and even
supermarket carparks and flat rooftops. They can be particularly dangerous at
airports where their reluctance to move from their nesting area – even for large
aircraft – has resulted in several bird
strikes. Breeding
usually happens after Winter
Solstice (June
21), but sometimes before. The nesting pair defends their territory against all
intruders by calling loudly, spreading their wings, and then swooping fast and
low, and where necessary striking at interlopers with their feet and attacking
animals on the ground with a conspicuous yellow spur on the carpal joint of the
wing.
wiki
(5)
Black Skimmer: in non-breeding plumage there is a
gap between the black on the head and the black of the shoulders. Because of the
length of the bill I believe
this is a female, the beaks of the males are
?shorter?.
src (many beautiful pictures of Skimmer, juvenile and adult)
(6a)
Male black skimmers are larger than females.
Size/weight: ranges from 212 to 447 g (7.5 to 15.8 oz), with males averaging
about 349 g (12.3 oz), as compared to the smaller female’s 254 g (9.0 oz).
wiki
(6b)
The male black skimmer is significantly larger than the female, with a longer
beak, but is similar in colouration (2) (4) (5) (8).
Non-breeding adults have a white collar on the neck, and somewhat browner
upperparts, while immature birds are browner and more mottled than adults, with
a duller beak (2) (3) (5).
src
(7)
Great pictures of Black Skimmer: male, female and one day old chick
(8)
From late April to May, black skimmers arrive on their breeding grounds. Skimmers nest in colonies from a few pairs to several hundred. They return each year to areas where they have experienced past reproductive success, provided that suitable habitat remains. Often, nests are located within colonies of common and least terns, which nest earlier than the skimmers. Prior to copulation, the male skimmer presents his mate with a fish. Both the male and female dig shallow scrapes in the sand, one of which will be selected as the nest.
From mid-May to early June, the female lays a clutch of two to six eggs. Skimmers may replace lost clutches, particularly those destroyed by flooding. Eggs may be laid as late as September, although they are unlikely to be successful. Sandy-colored with brown speckling, the eggs are well camouflaged within their scrape nest. Both adults incubate the eggs fro 21 to 25 days, and they hatch during mid- to late June. By two weeks old, the young are able to elude predators. Young chicks are fed by their parents, but receive whole fish as they grow older. Initially, both the upper and lower mandibles of the bill are equal in length on young skimmers. The bill appears adult-like, with a longer lower mandible, by the time they fledge at 23 to 26 days.
If a predator or
intruder threatens the colony, adults of both skimmers and terns take to the air
and aggressively mob the intruder. Adult skimmers may also perform a broken wing
display, feigning injury to lure predators away from the nest. Skimmer chicks
may hide among vegetation or lay flat in the sand, camouflaged by their plumage.
After fledging in mid-July to early August, they remain in flocks prior to fall
migration. NJ
info
(9)
燕鷗
Photo:
Mockingbird, "fledged" juvenile (still under parent protection) - <1>
<2>
Laughing Gull - in flight
-
<1>
<3>
<4>
Black Skimmer -
in flight
- <1>
<2>
<3>
<4a>
<4b>
<5>
Black-crowned Night Heron - <1>
Dragonfly (probably Frosted whiteface Leucorrhinia frigida, female; White-faced Meadowhawk?)
-
<1> (or just male Blue Dasher like 8/13/2011 at
JBWR or other dragonflies, picture has too few hints for identification)
Note:
(1) Frosted whiteface in NJ: Flight
season: 5/10-7/27. Conservation Status: Endangered in New Jersey.
src
(2) Pic on Web:
<1>
<2>
(3) Frosted Whiteface (Leucorrhinia
frigida) female (not Red-waisted Whiteface
http://www.pbase.com/tmurray74/image/29256698 ; Dot-tailed Whiteface?
http://www.pbase.com/tmurray74/image/28727594 )
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leucorrhinia_frigida
and
http://www.pbase.com/tmurray74/image/66302406
L. frigida is an abundant and widespread species.
Range Description:
This species occurs in six provinces in Canada and
seventeen states in the United States of America.
Countries:
Native:
Canada (Manitoba, New
Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward I., Québec);
United States (Connecticut, Illinois, Indiana, Maine,
Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North
Dakota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia, Wisconsin)